Die Kaffeepflanze aus der Familie der Rötegewächse (Rubiaceae) wurde erstmals 1558 in medizinischen und botanischen Werken Europas erwähnt. Angeregt durch den Kaffeeliebhaber Johann Wolfgang von Goethe gelang es dem Apotheker und Chemiker Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge 1820, reines Koffein aus Kaffeebohnen zu isolieren. Koffein ist ein Xanthinderivat, das in Kaffee, Tee, Cola, Mate, Guaraná, Energy-Drinks und Schokolade enthalten ist. Koffein ist weltweit die am häufigsten konsumierte pharmakologisch aktive Substanz. Seit einigen Jahren ist es Gegenstand intensiver Forschungen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Koffein vielfältige Wirkungen im peripheren und zentralen Nervensystem hat [1]. Koffein ist als Monosubstanz zur Behandlung von Ermüdungserscheinungen nicht rezeptpflichtig sowie rezeptpflichtig zur Therapie der primären Apnoe bei Frühgeborenen in Deutschland zugelassen. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert auf die schmerzhemmende Wirkung des Koffeins als adjuvantes Analgetikum und bei Muskelschmerzen nach körperlicher Belastung.
Summary
Caffeine and pain
Coffea, a member of the Rubiaceae family, was described in botanical textbooks for the first time in 1558. Caffeine was extracted from coffee beans into its purest form, a white powder, in the 1820s by the German scientist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge. It is a naturally occurring methylated xanthine alkaloid, and commonly found in tea leaves, coffee beans, mate leaves, guarana paste, and kola nuts. Nowadays caffeine is one of the world’s most widely used drugs. It has many effects on the body’s metabolism, including stimulation of the central nervous system and is used medically and recreationally to ward off drowsiness. Over many years, caffeine has been discussed as an analgesic adjuvant and has been reported to alter perception of exertion, muscle pain, and mood. In Germany, caffeine is used as over the counter medication for restoring mental alertness or wakefulness and on prescription to treat primary apnoea of premature infants. The following article focuses on caffeine as a painkiller combined with analgesic drugs and in peripheral muscle tissue after physical stress.
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