Der Echte Eibisch Althaea officinalis L.

Zusammenfassung

Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae) ist v. a. in Asien und Europa anzutreffen. Die Blatt- und Wurzeldrogen werden gegen Reizhusten sowie Schleimhautentzündungen im Mund- und Rachenraum angewendet. Auch zur Behandlung einer leichten Gastritis können sie eingesetzt werden. Zu den Hauptinhaltsstoffen zählen Schleimstoffe und Flavonoide wie z. B. Tilirosid. Sie sind für antiinflammatorische, antioxidative, antimikrobielle, antitussive sowie wundheilungsfördernde Wirkungen verantwortlich. Darüber hinaus sind antihypertensive und hepatoprotektive Effekte berichtet worden.

Summary

Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.)

Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae) is widespread in Asia and Europe. The dried leaves and roots are used as drug in phytoherbal preparations against nervous cough and inflammation of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. Besides they can be used to treat mild gastritis. The main ingredients are mucilage and flavonoids such as tiliroside. These ingredients are mainly responsible for the antiphlogistic, antioxidative, antimicrobial, antitussive and wound-healing effects. Furthermore there were noticed antihypertensive and hepatoprotective characteristics of extracts made from the dried leaves and roots.

• Literatur

• 1 Sauerhoff F. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Pflanzennamen. Stuttgart: Wiss. Verlagsgesellschaft; 2003: 41
• 2 Ratfisch W. Zur Geschichte der medizinischen Verwendung des Eibisch (Althaea officinalis L.) [Dissertation]. Leipzig; 1936: 5-29
• 3 Eckstein F, Flamm S. Die Kneipp – Kräuterkur. Bad Wörishofen: Gesundheitsverlag; 1932: 45
• 4 Haeupler H, Muer T. Bildatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Stuttgart: Ulmer; 2007: 136
• 5 Blamey M, Grey-Wilson C. Die Kosmos-Enzyklopädie der Blütenpflanzen. Stuttgart: Kosmos; 2008: 244
• 6 Hiller K, Melzig MF. Lexikon der Arzneipflanzen und Drogen. Heidelberg: Spektrum; 2010: 29
• 7 Rezaei M, Alirezaei M. Protective effects of Althaea officinalis L. extract in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemi-Parkinsonism model: behavioral, biochemical and histochemical evidence. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64: 171-176
• 8 Deters A, Zippel J, Hellenbrand N. et al. Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Marshmallow roots (Althea officinalis L.): Cellular internalisation and stimulation of cell physiology of human epithelial cells in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127: 62-63
• 9 Gudej J. Flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins from the roots of Althaea officinalis. Planta Med 1991; 57: 284-285
• 10 Gautam SS, Navneet KS, Chauhan R. Antimicrobial efficacy of Althaea officinalis Linn. seed extracts and essential oil against respiratory tract pathogens. J Appl Pharm Sci 2015; 5: 115-119
• 11 Özcelik B, Orhan I, Toker G. Antiviral and antimicrobial assessment of some selected flavonoids. Z Naturforsch C 2006; 61: 632-638
• 12 Falcão-Silva VS, Silva DA, Souza Mde F, Siqueira-Junior JP. Modulation of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by a kaempferol glycoside from Herissantia tiubae (Malvaceae). Phytother Res 2009; 23: 1367-1370
• 13 Goto T, Horita M, Nagai H. et al. Tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, inhibits carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56: 435-445
• 14 Qiao W, Zhao C, Qin N. et al. Identification of trans-tiliroside as active principle with anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects from Potentilla chinesis. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135: 515-521
• 15 Goto T, Teraminami A, Lee JY. et al. Tiliroside, a glycosidic flavonoid, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders via activation of adiponectin signaling followed by enhancement of fatty acid oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle in obese-diabetic mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23: 768-776
• 16 Jin X, Son S, Wang J. et al. Tiliroside, the major component of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb ethanol extract, inhibits MAPK/JNK/p38-mediated inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12: 499-505
• 17 Hage-Sleiman R, Mroueh M, Daher CF. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. Pharm Biol 2011; 49: 327-333
• 18 Schinella GR, Tournier HA, Máñez S. et al. Tiliroside and gnaphaliin inhibit human low density lipoprotein oxidation. Fitoterapia 2007; 78: 1-6
• 19 Silva GC, Pereira AC, Rezende BA. et al. Mechanism of the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of the flavonoid tiliroside in resistance arteries. Planta Med 2013; 79: 1003-1008
• 20 Jung KY, Oh SR, Park SH. et al. Anti-complement activity of tiliroside from the flower buds of Magnolia fargesii. Biol Pharm Bull 1998; 21: 1077-1078
• 21 Sun DX, Lu JC, Fang ZZ. et al. Reversible inhibition of three important human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes by tiliroside. Phytother Res 2010; 24: 1670-1675
• 22 Matsuda H, Ninomiya K, Shimoda H, Yoshikawa M. Hepatoprotective principles from the flowers of Tilia argentea (Linden): structure requirements of tiliroside and mechanisms of action. Bioorg Med Chem 2002 10: 707-710
• 23 Sutovska M, Capek P, Franova S. et al. Antitussive activity of Althaea officinalis L. polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan and its changes in guinea pigs with ovalbumine-induced airways inflammation. Bratisl Lek Listy 2011 112: 670-675
• 24 Sutovska M, Nosalova G, Franova S, Kardosova A. The antitussive activity of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis L., var. Robusta, Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules, and Prunus persica L., Batsch. Bratisl Lek Listy 2007; 108: 93-99
• 25 Alani B, Zare M, Noureddini M. Bronchodilatory and β-adrenergic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Althaea root on isolated tracheobronchial smooth rat muscle. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4: 78
• 26 Rezaei M, Dadgar Z, Noori-Zadeh A. et al. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the Althaea officinalis L. leaf extract and its wound healing potency in the rat model of excision wound creation. Avicenna J Phytomed 2014; 5: 105-111
• 27 Kobayashi A, Hachiya A, Ohuchi A. et al. Inhibitory mechanism of an extract of Althaea officinalis L. on Endothelin-1-induced melanocyte activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25: 229-234
• 28 Classen B. Eibischblätter, Eibischwurzel. In: Blaschek W. Hrsg. Wichtl – Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka. 6. Aufl. Stuttgart: WVG; 2016: 69-72
• 29 Schilcher H, Kammerer S, Wegener T. Leitfaden Phytotherapie. 4. Aufl. München: Urban & Fischer; 2010: 113-114