Einfluss der Verschattung auf die Vitamin-D-gewichtete UV-Exposition eines Menschen

Zusammenfassung

Die Vitamin-D₃-gewichtete UV-Exposition eines aufrecht stehenden Menschen wurde für ausgewählte urbane Umgebungen bestimmt, um den Einfluss der Verschattung durch Gebäude oder Bewuchs auf die Exposition zu untersuchen. Die Exposition wird berechnet unter Berücksichtigung der Strahldichte, also der Strahlungsenergie von direkter Sonnenstrahlung und diffuser Himmelsstrahlung aus verschiedenen Einfalls- und Azimutwinkeln und der 3 D-Geometrie eines Modellmenschen. Die Verschattung wird durch Hemisphären-Bilder bestimmt, die mithilfe einer Fotokamera mit Fischaugenobjektiv aufgenommen wurden, wobei angenommen wird, dass die Strahlung verschatteter Himmelssegmente vernachlässigbar klein ist. Dadurch werden den Himmel verdeckende Hindernisse räumlich hochaufgelöst erfasst und als Input in das Expositionsmodell eingegeben. Die Vitamin-D₃-gewichtete Exposition betrug an einer bebauten Straße am 21. Dezember zu Sonnenhöchststand ungefähr 50 % und am 21. März 70 % von der Exposition einer hindernisfreien Umgebung.

Abstract

The vitamin D₃ weighted UV exposure of a human with vertical posture was calculated for specific urban locations to investigate the impact of shadowing by buildings or vegetation on the exposure. The exposure is calculated by taking into account the radiance, i. e. the radiant energy from direct solar radiation and diffuse sky radiation from different incident and azimuth angles and the 3 D geometry of a human model. Obstructions shading the sky radiance are derived in high spatial resolution from hemispherical images, taken by a digital camera with a fisheye lens. The radiance from shaded sky regions is neglected in the UV. The derived shadowing information is used as input in the exposure model. The vitamin D₃ weighted UV exposure on a street within a city on December 21 at noon is approximately 50 % and on March 21 at noon 70 % of the exposure compared to an unobstructed location.

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