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Die Wirbelsäule 2017; 01(03): 171-182
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-109437
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Injuries of the cervical spine in childhood and adolescence
J. S. Jarvers
,
A. Völker
,
N. von der Höh
,
C. Josten
,
C. E. Heyde
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
24 August 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Kommt es bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern eher zu Verletzungen des zervikothorakalen Übergangs und der oberen HWS, so finden sich mit zunehmendem Alter zumeist Verletzungen der unteren HWS, aufgrund der zu der erwachsenen Wirbelsäule mehr und mehr angeglichenen Anatomie und Biomechanik.

Aufgrund des seltenen Auftretens von HWS-Verletzungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter bedarf es einer genauen Kenntnis möglicher Verletzungsformen und der physiologischen Entwicklung der HWS einschließlich möglicher Anomalien, um die Verletzungen nicht zu übersehen und um die adäquate Therapie einzuleiten.

Je nach Lokalisation und Verletzungen kommen konservative Therapiemaßnahmen mit Ruhigstellung in Orthesen oder dem Halofixateur in Betracht. Bei entsprechendem Verletzungsmuster können jedoch auch im Kindesalter Osteosynthesen und Fusionen notwendig werden.

Abstract

Infants and small children tend to injuries of the cervicothoracic transition and the upper cervical spine, while older children rather present injuries in the lower cervical spine due to the anatomy and biomechanics that are more and more adapted to the adult spine.

Due to the rare occurrence of cervical spine injuries in childhood and adolescence, it is necessary to have an accurate knowledge of possible injuries, the physiological development, including anomalies, in order not to overlook injuries and to initiate adequate therapy.

Depending on the localization and injuries, conservative therapy with immobilization in orthosis or the Halo-Fixateur can be considered. However, osteosynthesis or fusion may also become necessary in the case of an appropriate pattern of injury.

Schlüsselwörter

Halswirbelsäule - Verletzung Kindes- und Jugendalter - Fraktur - Wirbelsäulenverletzung

Keywords

Pediatrics - Cervical spine - Fracture - Injury - Spinal injuries
 

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