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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2019; 236(06): 777-783
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-109693
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Expansion und Transplantation limbaler Stammzellen zur Regeneration der kornealen Oberfläche

Expansion and Transplantation of Limbal Stem Cells for Corneal Surface Regeneration
Adrian Gericke
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
,
Joanna Wasielica-Poslednik
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
,
Marion Zimmermann
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
,
Aytan Musayeva
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 30 January 2017

akzeptiert 21 March 2017

Publication Date:
02 June 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Regeneration des Hornhautepithels wird beim Menschen über das Stammzellreservoir des Limbus reguliert. Bei ausgedehnter Zerstörung der Limbusregion im Rahmen von Entzündungen, Verbrennungen oder Verätzungen kann sich eine limbale Stammzellinsuffizienz ausbilden, bei der es zu einer Vaskularisation und Eintrübung der Hornhaut mit funktioneller Beeinträchtigung kommen kann. Es stehen verschiedene Verfahren der autologen und allogenen Transplantation limbaler Stammzellen zur Verfügung. So können ganze Limbusabschnitte und kleine Limbusbiopsate direkt transplantiert oder aus kleinen Limbusbiopsaten stammende Zellen zunächst ex vivo auf Trägermembranen vermehrt und anschließend auf das betroffene Auge aufgebracht werden. In der Übersichtsarbeit werden die Physiologie des Hornhautepithels, die Pathophysiologie der limbalen Stammzellinsuffizienz und die verschiedenen Therapieverfahren dargestellt.

Abstract

In humans, regeneration of the corneal epithelium is regulated by the stem cell reservoir of the limbus. After extensive limbal damage, e.g., by inflammation, thermal burn or chemical injury, limbal stem cell deficiency leading to vascularization and opacification of the cornea and resulting in vision loss, may develop. Several techniques of autologous and allogenic stem cell transplantation have been established. The limbus can be restored by transplantation of whole limbal grafts, small limbal biopsies or by ex vivo-expanded limbal cells. In this review, the physiology of corneal epithelium, the pathophysiology of limbal stem cell deficiency and the therapeutic procedures will be presented.

Schlüsselwörter

Bindehaut - Kornea - Pathologie

Key words

conjunctiva - cornea - pathology
 

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