Genese einer oropharyngealen Dysphagie

Die Ursachen der oropharyngealen Dysphagien sind aufgrund der zahlreichen am Schluckakt beteiligten Strukturen vielfältig. Im Allgemeinen wird zwischen neurogenen und strukturellen Störungen unterschieden, allerdings kommt es hierbei häufig zu Wechselwirkungen. Im Alter steigt die Inzidenz der Schluckstörungen. Neben der Unterscheidung einer primären und sekundären Presbyphagie ist eine Abgrenzung zwischen physiologischen und pathologischen Alterungsprozessen wichtig.

Abstract

There are various causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia due to the numerous structures associated with swallowing. Generally, neurogenic disorders have to be distinguished from structural ones, although often there are interactions between the two.

The incidence for dysphagia increases with age. Besides the differentiation between primary and secondary presbyphagia, the demarcation between physiological and pathological processes of aging is important.

Fazit

Neben unterschiedlichen strukturellen Veränderungen und neurogenen Erkrankungen, die zu oropharyngealen Störungen des Schluckaktes führen, spielen physiologische und pathologische Alterungsprozesse eine Rolle. Durch das Wissen der Ursache können Dysphagie-Symptome (Residuen, Penetration, Aspiration etc.) der richtigen Pathogenese zugeordnet werden. Die Pathogenese bestimmt die Planung der geeigneten Diagnostik und Therapie.

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