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DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-113568
Die körperdysmorphe Störung in der Plastischen Chirurgie – Eine systematische Übersicht der Screening Methoden
The Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Plastic Surgery – A Systematic Review of Screening MethodsPublication History
03/10/2017
06/01/2017
Publication Date:
01 August 2017 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die körperdysmorphe Störung, englisch „body dysmorphic disorder“ (BDD), gilt als Unterform der somatoformen Störungen. BDD kann sich in wahnhaftem Erleben, einer übermäßigen Bewertung und Beschäftigung des äußeren Erscheinungsbildes, insbesondere dem Gesicht äußern. Vorläufige Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Personen mit BDD nicht von plastisch-chirurgischen Behandlungen profitieren, so dass durch ästhetische operative Eingriffe häufig sogar eine Aggravation ihrer Symptome resultiert. Somit ist die Identifikation von Anzeichen für ein BDD entscheidend, ob ein Patient plastisch-ästhetisch operiert werden sollte. Diese Übersichtsarbeit erläutert die oft schwierige Diagnostik der BDD, indem sie die aktuelle Literatur zu dessen Screening zusammenfasst.
Studiendesign Systematische Übersichtsarbeit
Methoden Es wurde eine elektronische Suche in der deutsch- und englischsprachigen Literatur durchgeführt, um alle Screening-Instrumente für die BDD zu identifizieren. Es werden die spezifischen Entwicklungs- und Validierungsprozesse beurteilt, ob die Screening-Instrumente einen positiven prädiktiven Wert für die BDD haben.
Ergebnisse Sechs verschiedene Screening-Instrumente wurden für die BDD identifiziert. Davon wurden nur zwei in einem kosmetischen Rahmen evaluiert: der „Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire–Dermatology Version“ (BDDQ-DV) und der „Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire“ (DCQ). Der Einfluss auf die subjektiven Ergebnisse nach einem plastisch-ästhetischen Eingriff wurde nur für den DCQ gemessen.
Schlussfolgerung Die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von validierten Screening-Instrumenten für die BDD in der plastischen Chirurgie steht in bemerkenswerten Gegensatz zu der vermeintlich hohen Prävalenz der Erkrankung von 2,4 %. Unter den derzeit verwendeten Screening-Tools scheinen die BDDQ-DV und der DCQ am besten geeignet zu sein. Weitere Forschungsbemühungen zur Etablierung besserer Screeningmethoden für die BDD in der plastischen chirurgischen Patientenpopulation und zur Untersuchung der Auswirkungen von BDD auf Behandlungsergebnisse sind notwendig.
Abstract
Background The body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is considered to be a sub-form of somatoform disorders. BDD can express itself in a delirious experience, an excessive evaluation and employment of the external appearance, in particular the face. Preliminary results suggest that individuals with BDD do not benefit from plastic surgery, so that aesthetic surgery often results in aggravation of their symptoms. Thus, the identification of signs for a BDD is crucial, whether a patient should be operated plastically-aesthetically. This overview explains the often difficult diagnostics of the BDD by summarizing the current literature on its screening.
Study design Systematic overview
Methods An electronic search was conducted in the German and English-language literature in order to identify all screening instruments for the BDD. The specific development and validation processes are assessed whether the screening instruments have a positive predictive value for the BDD.
Results Six different screening instruments were identified for the BDD. Only two of these were evaluated in a cosmetic setting: the “Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire Dermatology Version” (BDDQ-DV) and the “Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire” (DCQ). The influence on the subjective results after a plastic-aesthetic procedure was measured only for the DCQ.
Conclusion The limited availability of validated screening instruments for BDD in plastic surgery is markedly in contrast to the supposedly high prevalence of the disease of 2.4 %. Among the currently used screening tools, the BDDQ-DV and the DCQ appear to be most suitable. Further research efforts are needed to establish better screening methods for the BDD in the plastic surgical patient population and to examine the effects of BDD on treatment results.
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