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Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2018; 68(07): 281-289
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-115003
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bio-psycho-soziale Charakteristika und therapeutische Aspekte bei Methamphetamin-abhängigen Frauen – Gendersensible Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturrecherche

Bio-Psycho-Social Characteristics and Therapeutic Aspects of Methamphetamine-Dependent Women – Gender Specific Results of a Systematic Literature Search
Stefanie Neumann
1   Fachbereich Soziale Arbeit, Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschule Neubrandenburg
2   Medizinische Fakultat, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
,
Michael Soyka
2   Medizinische Fakultat, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
3   Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau-Felden
,
Andreas G. Franke
1   Fachbereich Soziale Arbeit, Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschule Neubrandenburg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 09 February 2017

akzeptiert 20 June 2017

Publication Date:
24 August 2017 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand Methamphetamin (MethA) wird im Verhältnis zu anderen illegalen Drogen tendenziell häufiger von Frauen als Männern konsumiert. Unter Annahme des bio-psycho-sozialen Ätiologie-Modells beruht die Abhängigkeit auf biologischen, psychischen und sozialen Faktoren, in denen sich Frauen und Männer unterscheiden. Systematische genderdifferenzierte Erkenntnisse, die einen wichtigen Einfluss auf therapeutische Maßnahmen haben, fehlen allerdings noch.

Methode Die Übersicht basiert auf einer Datenbank-Recherche (PUBMED) zu biologischen, psychischen, sozialen sowie therapeutischen Aspekten bei von MethA abhängigen Frauen.

Ergebnisse MethA-induzierte kognitive Störungen scheinen bei Frauen stärker ausgeprägt zu sein als bei Männern. Ihr Lebensstil ist oft von aktiver und passiver (sexualisierter) Gewalt geprägt. Sie zeigen ein erhöhtes sexuelles Risikoverhalten; v. a. durch ungeschützten Verkehr mit mehreren Partnern. Psychiatrische Komorbiditäten scheinen quantitativ ausgeprägter zu sein und betreffen v. a. Angststörungen und depressive Syndrome.

Schlussfolgerung und Klinische Relevanz Missbrauch und Abhängigkeit von MethA werden bei Frauen von psychischen als auch sozialen Faktoren determiniert. Es bedarf aber weiterer gendersensibler Forschungen, um die Prävention, Beratung und Therapie zu verbessern.

Abstract

Subject Compared to other illicit drugs Methamphetamine (MethA) is used more frequently by women than by men. Assuming the biopsychosocial etiology model, the dependency is based on several factors in which women and men differ significantly. Systematic gender-differentiated knowledge is missing until today.

Method Based on a database research (PUBMED) the review examines biological, social and psychological as well as therapeutic aspects in MethA-dependent women.

Results MethA-induced cognitive disturbance appear to have severer manifestations in women than in men. MethA-addicted women’s lifestyle is often characterized by active and passive (sexualized) violence. They show an increased risk behavior; i. e. unprotected sexual intercourse with several partners. Their psychological comorbidities seem to be more pronounced and especially affect anxiety disorders and depressive syndromes.

Conclusion and clinical relevance In women, abuse and dependence of MethA are determined by psychological as well as social factors. However, further research is needed to improve prevention, counseling and therapy.

Schlüsselwörter

Crystal Meth - Frauen - Methamphetamin - Psychostimulanzien - Geschlecht

Key words

crystal meth - women - gender - psychostimulants - methamphetamine
 

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