Musik in der Geburtshilfe: eine Interventionsmöglichkeit zur Anspannungs-, Schmerz- und Stressreduktion

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren wurde die Wirkung von Musikinterventionen und Musiktherapie in der Literatur vermehrt dargestellt. Dabei konnten positive Effekte der Musik auf kognitive und körperliche Leistungen, wie Konzentration oder Ausdauer, sowie auf psychologische Parameter, wie Angst oder Entspannung, gezeigt werden. Vor allem im medizinischen Kontext weisen Studien zunehmend darauf hin, dass Musik als angst-, stress- und schmerzlindernde Intervention eingesetzt werden kann. Daher wird Musik in der Praxis mit steigender Tendenz als Zusatz zu herkömmlichen pharmakologischen und nicht pharmakologischen Behandlungen gesehen. Bei Untersuchungen von Musikinterventionen im Bereich der Geburtshilfe zeigte sich unter anderem, dass Musik während der Schwangerschaft die Entspannungsfähigkeit verbessert sowie Ängste vermindern kann. Auch während der Geburt konnte festgestellt werden, dass Musikinterventionen eine Schmerz- und Stressreduktion zur Folge haben. Bei Geburten durch eine Sectio caesarea wirkt sich Musik ebenfalls stress-, schmerz- und angstreduzierend auf die werdenden Mütter aus. Dieses Review soll einen Überblick über die Literatur der musiktherapeutischen Interventionen im Bereich der Geburtshilfe geben und den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Thema Musik in Bezug auf Schwangerschaft, spontane Geburten sowie Sectio caesarea zusammenfassen. Des Weiteren wird die Relevanz von Musik für den geburtshilflichen Alltag aufgezeigt.

Schlüsselwörter

Musik - Schwangerschaft - Spontangeburt - Sectio caesarea - Entspannung

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