RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000038.xml
manuelletherapie 2017; 21(05): 205-213
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121547
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121547
Schwerpunkt Orofaziale Schmerzen
Einführung
Klinische Klassifikation von Gesichtsschmerzen: Implementierung der Evidenz in die klinische Praxis
Weitere Informationen
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
22. Dezember 2017 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/manuelletherapie/201705/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0043-121547-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Orofaziale Schmerzen sind aufgrund ihrer Komplexität schwierig zu diagnostizieren. Die Autoren bieten einen Überblick über die Pathophysiologie und die beitragenden Faktoren der orofazialen Schmerzen inklusiver einer Klassifikation, die Physio- und Manualtherapeuten in der Praxis unterstützt – Handwerkszeug, um Patienten mit Gesichtsschmerzen adäquat zu untersuchen und zu therapieren.
-
Literatur
- 1 Anderson G, John OT, Ohrbach R. et al. Influence of headache frequency on clinical signs and symptoms of TMD in subjects with temple headache and TMD pain. Pain 2011; 152: 765-771
- 2 Asbury AK, Fields HL. Pain due to peripheral nerve damage: an hypothesis. Neurology 1984; 34: 1587-1590
- 3 Backonja MM, Attal N, Baron R. et al. Value of quantitative sensory testing in neurological and pain disorders: NeuPSIG consensus. Pain 2013; 154 (09) 1807-1819
- 4 Ballegaard V, Thede-Schmidt-Hansen P, Svensson P. et al. Are headache and temporomandibular disorder related? A blinded study. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 832-841
- 5 Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J. et al. The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001; 42 (02) 241-251
- 6 Behbehani MM. Functional characteristics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray. Prog Neurobiol 1995; 46: 575-605
- 7 Benninger B, Kloenne J, Horn J. Clinical anatomy of the lingual nerve and identification with ultrasonography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 51: 541-4
- 8 Benoliel R, Birman N, Eliav E. et al. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: accurate diagnosis of orofacial pain?. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 752-762
- 9 Benoliel R, Zadik Y, Eliav E. et al. Peripheral Painful Traumatic Trigeminal Neuropathy: Clinical Features in 91 Cases and Proposal of Novel Diagnostic Criteria. Journal of Orofacial Pain 2012; 26 (01) 49-58
- 10 Bove G, Light A. Unmyelinated nociceptors of rat paraspinal tissues. Journal of Neurophysiology 1995; 73: 1752-1762
- 11 Bove G, Light A. The nervi nervorum: Missing link for neuropathic pain?. Pain forum 1997; 6 (03) 181-190
- 12 Branch MA. Headache disability in orofacial pain patients is related to traumatic life events. Headache 2009; 49 (04) 535-40
- 13 Breig A. Biomechanics of the central nervous system: some basic normal and pathologic phenomena. Almqvist & Wiksell. 1960
- 14 Butler DS. The Sensitive Nervous System. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications; 2000
- 15 Ceuster W, Michelotti A, Raphael KG. et al. Perspectives on next steps of orofacial pain – part 1: role of ontology. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2015; 5 (42) 926-941
- 16 Chichorro JG, Porreca F, Sessle B. Mechanisms of craniofacial pain. Cephalalgia 2017; 37 (07) 613-626
- 17 Coppieters M, Nee R. Neurodynamic Management of the Peripheral Nervous System. Chapter 30. In: Jull G, Moore A, Falla D. et al., eds. Grieve´s Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy. Elsevier Verlag; 2015: 287-297
- 18 de Freitas LV, Lopes AC, Piatto VB. et al. Association of temporomandibular dysfunction with the 102T-C polymorphism in the serotonin receptor gene in Brazilian patients. Archives of Medical Science 2013; 9 (06) 1013-1018
- 19 de Leeuw R, Klasser GD. Orofacial Pain: Guidelines for Assessment, Diagnosis and Management. 5th ed.. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 2013
- 20 Devor M. Pathophysiology of Nerve Injury. In: Cervero F, Jensen TS. eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 3 rd ed.. Elsevier; 2006: 261-276
- 21 Dilley A, Lynn B, Pang SJ. Pressure and stretch mechanosensitivity of peripheral nerve fibres following local inflammation of the nerve trunk. Pain 2005; 117 (03) 462-472
- 22 Doursonian L, Alfonso JM, Iba-Zizen MT. et al. Dynamics of the junction between the medulla and the cervical spinal cord: an in vivo study in the sagittal plane by magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 1989; 11: 313
- 23 Durham J, Raphael KG, Benoliel R. et al. Perspectives on next steps in classification of orofacial pain – part 2: role of psychosocial factors. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2015; 5 (42) 942-955
- 24 Eberhard L. Quantitative Sensorische Testung im Gesichtsbereich–eine Übersicht. Zeitschrift für Evidenz. Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen 2013; 107 (04) 291-296
- 25 Falla D, Jull G, Hodges PW. Feedforward activity of the cervical flexor muscles during voluntary arm movements is delayed in chronic neck pain. Experimental brain research 2004; 157 (01) 43-48
- 26 Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P. Trigeminal and extra-trigeminal hypersensitivity in orofacial pain patients: What are the consequences for further assessment and treatment? Chapter 6. In: von Piekartz H. Hrsg Kiefer, Gesichts- und Zervikalregion. Neuromuskuloskeletale Untersuchung, Therapie und Management. 2. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2015
- 27 Fillingim RB, Maixner W, Sigurdsson A. et al. Sexual and physical abuse history in subjects with temporomandibular disorders: relationship to clinical variables, pain sensitivity, and psychologic factors. Journal of Orofacial Pain 1997; 11 (01) 48-57
- 28 Fillingim RB, Ohrbach R, Greenspan JD. et al. Potential psychosocial risk factors for chronic TMD: Descriptive data and empirically identified domains from the OPPERA case-control study. Journal of Pain 2011; 12: 46-60
- 29 Fischer L, Clemente JT, Tambeli CH. The protective role of testosterone in the development of temporomandibular joint pain. Journal of Pain 2007; 8 (05) 437-42
- 30 Fischer L, Torres-Chavez KE, Clemente-Napimoga JT. et al. The influence of sex and ovarian hormones on temporomandibular joint nociception in rats. Journal of Pain 2008; 9 (07) 630-638
- 31 Futarmal Kothari S, Baad-Hansen L, Oono Y. et al. Somatosensory assessment and conditioned pain modulation in temporomandibular disorders pain patients. Pain 2015; 156 (12) 2545-2555
- 32 Gui MS, Rizzatti-Barbosa CM. Chronicity factors of temporomandibular disorders: a critical review of the literature. Brazilian Oral Research. 2015 29. (1)
- 33 Haggard P, Taylor-Clarke M, Kennett S. Tactile perception, cortical representation and the bodily self. Curr Biol 2003; 13 (05) R170-3
- 34 Hall T, Elvey R. Nerve trunk pain: Physical diagnosis and treatment. Man Th 1999; 4: 63-73
- 35 Hall TM, Briffa K, Schäfer A. et al. Quantitative sensory testing: Implications for Clinical practice Chapter 20. In: Jull G, Moore A, Falla D. et al., eds. Grieve´s Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy. Elsevier Verlag; 2015: 194-201
- 36 Hollins M, Sigurdsson A, Filingim L. et al. Vibrotactile threshold is elevated in temporomandibular disorders. Pain 1996; 67 (01) 89-96
- 37 International Headache Society (2005). International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II). 2nd ed. Im Internet: http://ihs-classification.org/en/ Stand: 22.07.2015
- 38 International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders. 3 rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 2013; 33 (09) 629-808
- 39 Isberg A, Isacsson G, Williams W. et al. Lingual numbness and speech articulation deviation associated with temporomandibular joint disk displacement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987; 64: 9-14
- 40 Jääskeläinen SK, Teerijoki-Oksa T, Forssell H. Neurophysiologic and quantitative sensory testing in the diagnosis of trigeminal neuropathy and neuropathic pain. Pain 2005; 117: 349-357
- 41 Kessler H, Bayerl P, Deighton RM. et al. Facially Expressed Emotion Labeling (FEEL): PC-gestützter Test zur Emotionserkennung. Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin 2002; 23 (03) 297-306
- 42 Kitagawa Y, Enomoto S, Nakamura Y. et al. Asymmetry in jaw-jerk reflex latency in craniomandibular dysfunction patients with unilateral masseter pain. JOR 2000; 27 (10) 902-10
- 43 Koopman JS, Dieleman JP, Huygen FJ. et al. Incidence of facial pain in the general population. Pain 2009; 147: 122-127
- 44 Krumova EK, Geber C, Westermann A. et al. Neuropathic pain: Is quantitative sensory testing helpful?. Current Diabetes Report 2012; 12 (04) 393-402
- 45 Kumar Potu B, Jagadeesan S, Bhat K. et al. Retromolar foramen and canal: a comprehensive review on its anatomy and clinical applications. Morphologie: bulletin de l’Ass. des Anat 2013; 97: 31-7
- 46 Lance JW, Anthony M. Neck-tongue syndrome on sudden turning of the head. Journal of Neurology. Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 1980; 43: 97-101
- 47 Lee MC, Zambreanu L, Menon DK. et al. Identifying brain activity specifically related to the maintenance and perceptual consequence of central sensitization in humans. J Neurosci 2008; 28: 11642-9
- 48 Macfarlane TV, Blinkhorn AS, Davies RM. et al. Oro-facial pain in the community: prevalence and associated impact. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 2002; 30: 50-62
- 49 Macfarlane TV, Beasley M, Macfarlane GJ. Self-Reported Facial Pain in UK Biobank: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Research. 2014 5. (3)
- 50 Maier C, Baron R, Tölle TR. et al. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): somatosensory abnormalities in 1236 patients with different neuropathic pain syndromes. Pain 2010; 150 (03) 439-450
- 51 Maier C, Baron R, Sommer C. Neuropathischer Schmerz. Der Weg zur Entschlüsselung der Blackbox. Schmerz 2015; 29: 479-485
- 52 May A. Chronic pain may change the structure of the brain. Pain 2008; 137: 7-15
- 53 Melis M, Lobo SL, Ceneviz C. et al. Atypical odontalgia: A review of literature. Headache 2003; 43: 1060-1074
- 54 Merskey HI, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain. Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. IASP Press 1994; 212-213
- 55 Michelotti A, Liguori R, Toriello M. et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphisms as risk factor in temporomandibular disorders patients from southern Italy. Clinical Journal of Pain 2014; 30 (02) 129-133
- 56 Minami I, Akhter R, Luraschi J. et al. Jaw-movement smoothness during empty chewing and gum chewing. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 195-200
- 57 Mohr G, von Piekartz HJM, Hotze E. A qualitative study on pain experiences and pain behavior in patients with chronic facial pain; Schmerzerfahrungen und -verhalten bei chronischem Gesichtsschmerz – eine qualitative Studie. Zeitschrift für Kraniomandibuläre Funktion 2011; 3 (01) 9-28
- 58 Moseley L, Butler DS, Beames TB. et al., eds The Graded Motor Imagery handbook. 1st ed. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications; 2012
- 59 Moseley L. Supercharge your pain biology. In: Moseley L, Butler D. eds. Explain Pain Supercharged. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications; 2017: 37-77
- 60 Mücke M, Cuhls H, Radbruch L. et al. Quantitative sensorische Testung. In: Weiterbildung Schmerzmedizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2015; 101-112
- 61 Murayama R, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Moraes N. et al. Toothache referred from auriculotemporal neuralgia: case report. International End J 2009; 42: 845-51
- 62 Nee RJ, Butler D. Management of peripheral neuropathic pain: Integrating neurobiology, neurodynamics, and clinical evidence. Physical Therapy in Sport 2006; 7: 36-49
- 63 Nee RJ, Jull GA, Vicenzino B. et al. The validity of upper-limb neurodynamic tests for detecting peripheral neuropathic pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 2012; 42 (05) 413-424
- 64 Nijs J, Torres-Cueco R, van Wilgen CP. et al. Applyling Modern Pain Neuroscience in Clinical Practice: Criteria for the Classification of Central Sensitization Pain. Pain Physician 2014; 17: 447-457
- 65 Nilsson IM, List T, Drangsholt M. Headache and co-morbid pains associated with TMD pain in adolescents. Journal of Dental Research 2013; 92 (09) 802-807
- 66 Novak C, Mackinnon S. Evaluation of nerve injury and nerve compression in the upper quadrant. J Hand The 2005; 18: 230-240
- 67 Ohrbach R, Fillingim RB, Mulkey F. et al. Clinical Findings and Pain Symptoms as Potential Risk Factors for Chronic TMD: Descriptive Data and Empirically Identified Domains from the OPPERA Case-Control Study. Journal of Pain 2011; 12 (11) 27-45
- 68 Okeson JP. Bell´s Orofacial Pain. Seventh Edition. Chicago: Quintessence Books; 2014
- 69 Pfau DB, Rolke R, Nickel R. et al. Somatosensory profiles in subgroups of patients with myogenic temporomandibular disorders and fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 2009; 147: 72-83
- 70 Reiter S, Goldsmith C, Emodi-Perlman A. et al. Masticatory muscle disorders diagnostic criteria: the American Academy of Orofacial Pain versus the research diagnostic criteria/ temporomandibular disorders (RDC/ TMD). Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2012; 39: 941-947
- 71 Rocabado M. Diagnose und Behandlung einer abnormalen kraniozervikalen und kraniomandibulären Mechanik. In: Solberb W, Clark G. Hrsg. Kieferfunktionen, Diagnostik und Therapie. Berlin: Quintessenz; 1985: 145
- 72 Rodriguez-Raecke R, Niemeier A, Ihle K. et al. Brain gray matter decrease in chronic pain is the consequence and not the cause of pain. Journal of Neuroscience 2009; 29 (44) 13746-13750
- 73 Ross ED, Prodan CI, Monnot M. Human facial expressions are organized functionally across the upper-lower facial axis. The Neuroscientist 2007; 13 (05) 433-446
- 74 Schiffman E, Ohrbach R, Truelove E. et al. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/ TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/ TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain. Special Interest Group. Journal of Oro & facial Pain and Headache 2014; 28: 6-17
- 75 Schroër M, von Piekartz H, Stark W. Movement behaviour of the auriculotemporal nerve during physiological movements of the mandible and cervical spine pilot study using sonographic diagnosis. Man Ther 2012; 16 (04) 181-190
- 76 Schünke M, Schulte E, Schuhmacher U. Prometheus Kopf und Neuroanatomie. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2006
- 77 Shankland W. Atypical trigeminal neuralgia of the mental nerve: a case study. Cranio 2009; 27: 19-23
- 78 Slade GD, Bair E, By K. et al. Study methods, recruitment, socio-demographic findings and demographic representativeness in the OPPERA study. Journal of Pain 2011; 12 (11) 12-16
- 79 Stuginski-Barbosa J, Macedo HR, Bigal ME. et al. Signs of Temporomandibular Disorders in Migraine Patients: A Prospective, Controlled Study. The Clinical Journal of Pain 2010; 26 (05) 418-421
- 80 Svensson P. Muscle pain in the head: overlap between temporomandibular disorders and tension-type headaches. Current Opinion in Neurology 2007; 20: 320-325
- 81 Tal M, Devor M. Anatomy and neurophysiology of orofacial pain, Chapter 2. In: Sharav Y, Benouliel R. eds. Orofacial Pain and Headache. Blackwell; 2008: 19-44
- 82 Taxer B, Westerhuis P, von Piekartz H. Unterscheiden sich die pathobiologischen Mechanismen von zervikogenem Kopfschmerz von jenen der Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerz? Systematisches Review. Manuelle Therapie 2014; 18: 134-143
- 83 Treede RD, Jansen TS, Campbell JN. et al. Neuropathic pain. Redefinition and a grading system for clinical research purposes. Neurology 2008; 70: 1630-1635
- 84 Türp JC, Kowalski CJ, Stohler CS. Temporomandibular disorders – pain outside the head and face is rarely acknowledged in the chief complaint. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 1997; 78 (06) 592-595
- 85 Visscher CM, Lobbezoo F. The evolution of thinking about temporomandibular pain. Pain Update. The Journal of the American Dental Association 2015; 146 (12) 925-926
- 86 von Korn K, Richter M, von Piekartz H. Einschränkungen in der Erkennung von Basisemotionen bei Patienten mit chronischem Kreuzschmerz. Eine Querschnittsstudie zur Analyse von Emotionserkennung und Alexithymie. Der Schmerz 2014; 28: 391-397
- 87 von Piekartz H. Guidelines for assessment of craniomandibular and craniofacial region. In: von Piekartz H. ed. Craniofacial Pain, Neuromusculoskeletal assessment, treatment and management. Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier; 2007: 59-83
- 88 von Piekartz H, Mohr G. Reduction of head and face pain by challenging lateralization and basic emotions: a proposal for future assessment and rehabilitation strategies. In: Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy 2014; 22 (01) 24-35
- 89 von Piekartz H, Heinrichs T, Stelzer L. et al. Einfluss der CMD auf die mechanische Schmerzschwelle außerhalb der Kopf-Gesichts-Region. Eine Querschnittstudie. Manuelle Medizin 2014; a 52: 420-426
- 90 von Piekartz H, Wallwork SB, Mohr G. et al. People with chronic facial pain perform worse than controls at a facial emotion recognition task, but it is not all about the emotion. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2014; b 42 (04) 243-250
- 91 von Piekartz H. Kiefer, Gesichts- und Zervikalregion. Neuromuskuloskeletale Untersuchung, Therapie und Management. 2. Aufl. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 2015. a
- 92 von Piekartz H. Temporomandibular Disorders: Neuromusculoskeletal assessment and management. Chapter 43. In: Jull G, Moore A, Falla D. et al., eds. Grieve´s Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy. Elsevier Verlag; 2015. b 433-443
- 93 von Piekartz H, Stotz E, Both A. et al. Is a motor control test battery of the craniofacial region an acceptable measurement to be used in clinical practice?. A psychometric analysis on inter-rater reliability, structural, and discriminative validity. Submitted in Journal of Rehabiliitation (JOR).
- 94 Vriens JP, van der Glas HW. Extension of normal values on sensory function for facial areas using clinical tests on touch and two-point discrimination. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 2009; 38 (11) 1154-1158
- 95 Wand B, Di Pietro F, George P. et al. Tactile thresholds are preserved yet complex sensory function is impaired over the lumbar spine of chronic non-specific low back pain patients: a preliminary investigation. Physiotherapy 2010; 96 (04) 317-23
- 96 WCPT. Policy statement: Description of physiotherapy (Update 2017). Im Internet: http://www.wcpt.org/policy/ps-descriptionPT Stand: 16.05.2017
- 97 Weisbrich A, Hoffmann M, von Piekartz H. Tactile discrimination of the skin in patients with unilateral chronic facial pain. A cross-sectional study. Submitted in Journal of Mandible Function (JMF).
- 98 WHO. 2008 The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Im Internet: http://www.who.int/topics/global_burden_of_disease/en/ Stand: 01.06.2017
- 99 WHO. 2011 Atlas of headache disorders and resources in the world 2011. A collaborative project of WHO and Lifting the Burden. Im Internet: http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/atlas_headache_disorders/en/ Stand: 01.06.2017
- 100 Wiesinger B, Häggman-Henrikson B, Hellström F. et al. Experimental masseter muscle pain alters jaw-neck motor strategy. EJP European Journal of Pain 2013; 17: 995-1004
- 101 Wilson-Pauwels L, Akesson EJ, Stewart PA. Cranial Nerves in Health and Disease. 2nd ed. New York: BC Decker Inc.; 2002
- 102 Woda A, Pionchon P. Unified Concept of idiopathic Orofacial pain: Pathophysiological Features. Journal of Orofacial Pain 2000; 14 (03) 196-212
- 103 Woda A, de Laat A. Classification of Orofacial Pain. Sessle BJ. ed Washington: IASP Press; 2014
- 104 Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 2011; 152: 2-15
- 105 Yarnitsky D, Granot M. Quantitative Sensory Testing. Chapter 27. In: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier Verlag; Bd. 81 2006: 397-409
- 106 Younger JW, Shen YF, Goddard G. et al. Chronic myofascial temporomandibular pain is associated with neural abnormalities in the trigeminal and limbic systems. Pain 2010; 149: 222-228
- 107 Zakrzewska JM. Multi-dimensionality of chronic pain of the oral cavity and face. Journal of Headache Pain 2013; 14 (01) 37
- 108 Zochodne D. Epineural peptides: A role in neuropathic pain. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1993; 20: 69-72
- 109 Zusman M. Mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain: Implications for musculoskeletal physiotherapy. Physical Therapy Reviews 2008; 13 (05) 313-323