Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122569
Wie beeinflusst der Diabetes mellitus das frühpostoperative und onkochirurgische Langzeit-„Outcome“ beim Rektumkarzinom?
How does Diabetes Mellitus Influence Early Postoperative Results and Survival in Rectal Cancer?Publication History
Publication Date:
13 December 2017 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel war es, den Einfluss von Diabetes mellitus (DM) auf das frühpostoperative und langfristige „Outcome“ nach operativer Intervention beim Rektumkarzinom anhand prospektiv-multizentrisch gewonnener Daten einer repräsentativen Patientenzahl zu untersuchen.
Methode Es wurden Daten der Qualitätssicherungsstudie „Rektum-Karzinom (Primärtumor) – Elektiv-Operation“ der Jahre 2008 – 2011 herangezogen, die über einen Erfassungsbogen mit 68 Items dokumentiert wurden. Über ein freiwilliges und regelmäßiges „Follow-up“ wurden Langzeitdaten eruiert. Unterteilt wurde in Patienten ohne DM und solche mit nicht- bzw. insulinpflichtigem DM (NIDDM bzw. IDDM).
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 10 442 Patienten eingeschlossen, zu 11,0 % NIDDM- und zu 7,2 % IDDM-Patienten. Patienten ohne DM waren mit durchschnittlich 67,3 (95 %-KI: 67,07; 67,55) Jahren jünger als IDDM- mit 71,7 (95 %-KI: 71,01; 72,35) Jahren oder NIDDM-Patienten mit 70,9 (95 %-KI: 70,41; 71,45) Jahren (p < 0,001). Die UICC-Tumorstadien waren vergleichbar (p = 0,547). Diabetiker zeigten häufiger kardiovaskuläre/renale Risikofaktoren sowie Adipositas und hatten eine höhere ASA-Klassifikation (je p < 0,001). Die postoperative Morbidität (in der Altersgruppe 65 – 74 Jahre; p = 0,006) und Krankenhaus-Sterblichkeit (< 65 Jahre; p = 0,011) war beim Vorliegen eines DM erhöht. Das 5-Jahres-„Overall-Survival“ (OS) betrug bei Nicht-Diabetikern 60,6 %. IDDM (46,4 %) und NIDDM (53,3 %) bedingten ein schlechteres OS (je p < 0,001). Das 5-Jahres-„Disease-free survival“ (DFS) war ebenfalls bei IDDM (p < 0,001) und NIDDM (p = 0,004) vermindert. Für die 5-Jahres-Lokalrezidivrate wurden bei IDDM (p = 0,524) und NIDDM (p = 0,058) keine signifikanten Einflüsse gefunden.
Diskussion Die metabolische Störung DM stellt wahrscheinlich neben dem patienteneigenen Risikopotenzial durch die Kombination der vergesellschafteten Komorbiditäten einen relevanten Einflussfaktor auf das „Outcome“ nach Rektumkarzinom-Chirurgie dar. Die postoperative Morbidität und Letalität werden erhöht, das onkochirurgische Überleben verringert.
Abstract
Introduction Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) onto the early postoperative and long-term oncosurgical outcome after surgery for rectal cancer using data prospectively obtained in a representative number of patients.
Methods Data (using a registration form of 68 items) from the ongoing multicenter observational study “rectal cancer (primary tumor) – elective surgery” on Quality Assurance was used including years 2008 to 2011. A voluntary and frequent follow-up was done to gain long-term data. Patients were grouped as non-diabetic and not-/insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM/IDDM).
Results In total, 10 442 patients were enrolled; 11.0 % had NIDDM and 7.2 % IDDM. Average age of patients without DM was 67.3 [95 %-CI: 67,07; 67,55] years (yr) and was lower than in IDDM- (71.7 [95 %-CI: 71,01; 72,35] yr) and NIDDM-patients (70.9 [95 %-CI: 70.41; 71.45] yr) (p < 0.001). Tumor stages according to classification by UICC were comparable (p = 0.547). Patients with DM were more likely to be obese and to have cardiovascular and renal risk factors as well as a more critical ASA-classification (p < 0.001 each). Postoperative morbidity (in the group 65 – 74 yr; p = 0.006) and in-hospital mortality (< 65 yr; p = 0.011) was higher in patients with DM. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 60.6 % in patients without DM. IDDM (46.4 %) and NIDDM (53.3 %) decreased the OS (p < 0.001 each). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was also worsened by IDDM (p < 0.001) and NIDDM (p = 0.004). No difference was observed concerning 5-year local recurrence rate, neither for IDDM (p = 0.524) nor NIDDM (P = 0.058).
Discussion The metabolic disorder DM has a significant impact onto the outcome after surgery for rectal cancer most likely due to its own risk potential and associated comorbidities. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were increased and the oncological survival was worsened.
Schlüsselwörter
Rektumkarzinom - Diabetes mellitus - prospektive multizentrische Observationsstudie - klinische Versorgungsforschung - frühpostoperatives Outcome - Langzeit-onkologisches OutcomeKey words
rectal cancer - diabetes mellitus - prospective multicenter observational study - research on clinical care - early postoperative outcome - long-term oncological outcome* Autoren B.G. & F.M. sind gleich berechtigt als Erstautoren anzusehen.
-
Literatur
- 1 Robert Koch-Institut. (Hrsg). Diabetes mellitus. Faktenblatt zu GEDA 2012: Ergebnisse der Studie »Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell 2012«.. Berlin: 2014
- 2 Huang CW, Sun LC, Shih YL. et al. The impact on clinical outcome of high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese patients with colorectal cancer. World journal of surgical oncology 2012; 10: 76
- 3 Raza S, Sabik JF, Ainkaran P. et al. Coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetics: A growing health care cost crisis. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2015; 150 (02) 304-2.e2
- 4 Deng L, Gui Z, Zhao L. et al. Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of colorectal cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Digestive diseases and sciences 2012; 57 (06) 1576-1585
- 5 Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten im Robert Koch-Institut. Datenbank-Abfrage. Berlin: 2016 www.krebsdaten.de/abfrage (7.11.2016)
- 6 Sehgal R, Berg A, Figueroa R. et al. Risk factors for surgical site infections after colorectal resection in diabetic patients. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2011; 212 (01) 29-34
- 7 Bouassida M, Charrada H, Chtourou MF. et al. Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Elderly Patients: How Could We Improve Early Outcomes?. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR 2015; 9 (05) PC04-PC08
- 8 Masoomi H, Kang CY, Chen A. et al. Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality in colon and rectal surgery. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2012; 215 (02) 255-261
- 9 Mills KT, Bellows CF, Hoffman AE. et al. Diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis. Diseases of the colon and rectum 2013; 56 (11) 1304-1319
- 10 Marusch F, Koch A, Schmidt U. et al. The impact of the risk factor “age” on the early postoperative results of surgery for colorectal carcinoma and its significance for perioperative management. World journal of surgery 2005; 29 (08) 1013-1021 discussion 1021 – 1022
- 11 Jeon JY, Jeong DH, Park MG. et al. Impact of diabetes on oncologic outcome of colorectal cancer patients: colon vs. rectal cancer. PloS one 2013; 8 (02) e55196
- 12 van de Poll-Franse LV, Haak HR, Coebergh JWW. et al. Disease-specific mortality among stage I-III colorectal cancer patients with diabetes: a large population-based analysis. Diabetologia 2012; 55 (08) 2163-2172
- 13 Larsson SC, Wolk A. Obesity and colon and rectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2007; 86 (03) 556-565
- 14 Liang PS, Chen TY, Giovannucci E. Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of cancer 2009; 124 (10) 2406-2415
- 15 Caudle AS, Kim HJ, Tepper JE. et al. Diabetes mellitus affects response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the management of rectal cancer. Annals of surgical oncology 2008; 15 (07) 1931-1936
- 16 Stornes T, Wibe A, Endreseth BH. Complications and risk prediction in treatment of elderly patients with rectal cancer. International journal of colorectal disease 2016; 31 (01) 87-93
- 17 van Gestel YR, Lemmens VE, de Hingh IH. et al. Influence of comorbidity and age on 1-, 2-, and 3-month postoperative mortality rates in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Annals of surgical oncology 2013; 20 (02) 371-380
- 18 Janssen-Heijnen ML, Maas HA, Houterman S. et al. Comorbidity in older surgical cancer patients: influence on patient care and outcome. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England 1990) 2007; 43 (15) 2179-2193
- 19 Lemmens VE, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Verheij CD. et al. Co-morbidity leads to altered treatment and worse survival of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. The British journal of surgery 2005; 92 (05) 615-623
- 20 Walker JJ, Brewster DH, Colhoun HM. et al. Cause-specific mortality in Scottish patients with colorectal cancer with and without type 2 diabetes (2000–2007). Diabetologia 2013; 56 (07) 1531-1541