Einflussfaktoren auf die Rückkehr zur Arbeit bei chronischen Rückenschmerzen

Zusammenfassung

Theorie Die Mehrzahl der Menschen erlebt mind. eine Rückenschmerzepisode in ihrem Leben. Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen verursachen durch Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsdienstleistungen hohe Kosten. Die Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz stellt daher ein zentrales Rehabilitationsziel dar.

Methode Die Literaturrecherche erfolgte in den Datenbanken PSYNDEX, PsycINFO, MEDLINE und ScienceDirect und ergab 27 Artikel.

Ergebnisse Die untersuchten Einflussfaktoren ließen sich in 3 Gruppen einteilen: (1) psychische und psychosoziale, (2) arbeits- und arbeitsplatzbezogene und (3) (gesundheits-)systembezogene Einflussfaktoren. Geringe Genesungserwartungen, Rezidivangst, Fear-avoidance-beliefs und ein Mangel an sozialer Unterstützung am Arbeitsplatz stellen Hindernisse für Return to work dar. Hohe Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, Anpassungen des Arbeitsplatzes an die Bedürfnisse des Patienten, sowie Informationen durch Gesundheitsdienstleister wirken sich positiv aus.

Abstract

Background The majority of humans experience at least one episode of back pain in their lifetime. Patients with persistent, chronic pain cause high costs through incapacity for work and health services. Returning back pain patients to work is therefore a substantial aim of rehabilitation programs.

Method The literature search took place in the databases PSYNDEX, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect and 27 articles were included.

Results The articles resulted in a variety of factors which could be allocated into 3 groups: (1) psychological and psychosocial, (2) work- and workplace-related and (3) (healthcare)system-related factors. Low recovery expectations, fear-avoidance-beliefs, fears of further injury and a lack of social support at the workplace were identified as obstacles to return to work, whereas perceived self-efficacy, workplace adaptations and information and advice by health care providers were identified as facilitators of return to work.

Schlüsselwörter

Rehabilitation - Reintegration in die Erwerbsfähigkeit - Einflussfaktoren - unspezifischer Rückenschmerz

Key words

rehabilitation - return to work - nonspecific back pain

• Literatur

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