Sprachlokalisation mittels MEG und EEG in der prächirurgischen Epilepsiediagnostik

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Epilepsiechirurgie ist die Entfernung des epileptogenen Gewebes, dabei darf kein neurologisches oder neuropsychologisches Defizit verursacht werden. Aus diesem Grund ist die möglichst genaue Abgrenzung des sprachspezifischen Kortex von großer Bedeutung. In der folgenden narrativen Übersicht werden die methodischen Grundlagen und klinischen Anwendungen der Magnetoenzephalografie (MEG) und der hochauflösenden Skalp-Elektroenzephalografie (EEG) diskutiert. Es wird eine kurze Übersicht zu diversen Verfahren gegeben, die zur Lateralisation und Lokalisation der Sprachfunktionen in der MEG und bei Quellenanalysemethoden in der EEG benützt werden. Darüber hinaus werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen beider Methoden zur Erfassung der Organisation und Reorganisation der Sprachfunktionen des Kortex bei Epilepsieerkrankten besprochen.

Abstract

The aim of epilepsy surgery is to remove the epileptogenic zone. At the same time, essential brain regions like areas supporting language functions have to be spared in order to avoid neurological deficits caused by the operation. For this reason, identification of the brain regions mediating language is of great importance: precise knowledge of the language-specific zones can facilitate surgical planning and reduce the morbidity associated with resection of eloquent cortex, especially in cases of epilepsy surgery. In the following narrative review, we present the methodological principles and clinical application of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and high-resolution scalp electroencephalography (EEG). We discuss different procedures used in lateralization and localization of language functions in MEG as well as source analysis methods in EEG. In addition, we present the possibilities of both of these methods and their limitations in capturing data on the organization and reorganization of language functions in epilepsy patients.

Schlüsselwörter

Rezeptive und expressive Sprache - Lokalisation - Epilepsie - Magnetoenzephalografie - hochauflösende Skalp- Elektroenzephalografie

Key words

receptive and expressive language - localization - epilepsy - magnetoencephalography - high resolution density scalp electroencephalography

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