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CC BY 4.0 · Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2024; 21(01): 019-022
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1760742
Review Article

Outcomes of Evacuating Subacute Extradural Hematoma Through a Minicraniectomy: A 5-Year Study

Babagana Usman 
1   Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, The University of Maiduguri and the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria
2   Visiting Neurosurgeon to the Surgery Department, Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
,
Babagana Mohammed
1   Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, The University of Maiduguri and the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria
,
Usman Daibu
1   Neurosurgery Unit, Surgery Department, The University of Maiduguri and the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria
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Abstract

Background Extradural hematoma (EDH) is a hematoma between the dura and the inner surface of the skull, found in 1 to 3% of all head-injured patients, rising to 9% among the unconscious ones. It is said to be subacute when about 2 to 4 days old. Further enlargement of the burr hole to about 3 to 5 cm wide (minicraniectomy) may allow its total evacuation.

Objective To recommend it as a treatment option, this study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes of evacuating a subacute EDH through a minicraniectomy.

Method This was a 5-year prospective study in a Nigerian tertiary health institution.

Results In total, 108 patients, consisting of 96 males and 12 females with a male to female ratio of 8:1 were included. Their ages ranged from 10 to 69 years. Etiologies were road traffic accident (RTA, 73.2%), assault (18.5%), and falls (8.3%). Hematoma ages were 2 days (61.1%), 3 days (25%), 4 days (13.9%). GCS were mild (11%), moderate (56%), and severe (33%). Locations were right-sided (59.3%), left-sided (40.7%) with 73.1% in parietotemporal area. Active bleeding was encountered in 15% only. Postoperative complications were seizure (13.9%), death (12%), and surgical site infection (4.6%) among others. Outcomes at 2 weeks were good (83, 76.9%), moderate disability (12, 11.1%), severe disability (10, 9.3%), vegetative (1, 0.9%), and death (2, 1.9%).

Conclusion Considering the significant morbidity and mortality and the need for urgent interventions in EDH, most patients presenting in the subacute acute (2–4 days) stage can be evacuated via a minicraniectomy with good outcomes.

Keywords

subacute - extradural hematoma - evacuation - minicraniectomy - outcome


Publication History

Article published online:
18 January 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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