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Am J Perinatol 2024; 41(S 01): e1370-e1377
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764208
Original Article

Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Time in Range: Association with Adverse Outcomes among People with Type 2 or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Ghamar Bitar 
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Joycelyn A. Cornthwaite
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Sandra Sadek
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Tala Ghorayeb
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Nahla Daye
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Sarah Nazeer
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Danna Ghafir
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
John Cornthwaite
2   Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas
,
Suneet P. Chauhan
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Baha M. Sibai
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
,
Michal Fishel Bartal
1   Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
3   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
› Institutsangaben Funding None.
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Abstract

Objective Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become available for women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy. The recommended time in range (TIR, blood glucose 70–140 mg/dL) and its correlation with adverse pregnancy outcomes in this group is unknown. Our aim was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant people with T2DM or GDM with average CGM TIR values >70 versus ≤70%.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals using CGM during pregnancy from January 2017 to June 2022. Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus, or those missing CGM or delivery data were excluded. Primary composite neonatal outcome included any of the following: large for gestational age, NICU admission, need for intravenous glucose, respiratory support, or neonatal death. Secondary outcomes included other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results During the study period, 141 individuals with diabetes utilized CGM during pregnancy, with 65 (46%) meeting inclusion criteria. Of the study population, 28 (43%) had TIR ≤70% and 37 (57%) had TIR > 70%. Compared with those with TIR > 70%, the primary composite outcome occurred more frequently in neonates of individuals TIR ≤70% (71.4 vs. 37.8%, aOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 15.7). Furthermore, individuals with TIR ≤70% were more likely to have hypertensive disorders (42.9 vs. 16.2%, OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 13.0), preterm delivery (54 vs. 27%, OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 9.1), and cesarean delivery (96.4 vs. 51.4%, OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 2.2, 15.1) compared with those with TIR >70%.

Conclusion Among people with T2DM or GDM who utilized CGM during pregnancy, 4 out 10 individuals had TIR ≤70% and, compared with those with TIR > 70%, they had a higher likelihood of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.

Key Points

  • Time in range can be utilized as a metric for pregnant patients using continuous glucose monitor.

  • Time in range >70% is achievable by 6 out of 10 patients.

  • Time in range below goal is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.

Keywords

diabetes - pregnancy - continuous glucose monitoring - time in range - neonatal outcomes - maternal outcomes

Note

This study was presented at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, February 10, 2023.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 12. Dezember 2022

Angenommen: 19. Januar 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
01. März 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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