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CC BY 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2023; 81(08): 748-755
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770352
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New role of astrocytes in neuroprotective mechanisms after ischemic stroke

Novo papel dos astrócitos nos mecanismos neuroprotetores após acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico
Xiaoyun Xie 
1   Guangxi Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
,
Jingli Liu 
1   Guangxi Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
› Institutsangaben Support The present review was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 82160236) and Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (grant numbers: 2021GXNSFAA196035).
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Abstract

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell subtypes in the central nervous system. Previous studies believed that astrocytes are supporting cells in the brain, which only provide nutrients for neurons. However, recent studies have found that astrocytes have more crucial and complex functions in the brain, such as neurogenesis, phagocytosis, and ischemic tolerance. After an ischemic stroke, the activated astrocytes can exert neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects through a variety of pathways. In this review, we will discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms of astrocytes in cerebral ischemia, and mainly focus on reactive astrocytosis or glial scar, neurogenesis, phagocytosis, and cerebral ischemic tolerance, for providing new strategies for the clinical treatment of stroke.

Resumo

Os astrócitos são os subtipos de células mais abundantes no sistema nervoso central. Estudos anteriores acreditavam que os astrócitos são células de suporte no cérebro, que apenas fornecem nutrientes para os neurônios. No entanto, estudos recentes descobriram que os astrócitos têm funções mais cruciais e complexas no cérebro, como neurogênese, fagocitose e tolerância isquêmica. Após um acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico, os astrócitos ativados podem exercer efeitos neuroprotetores ou neurotóxicos através de uma variedade de vias. Nesta revisão, discutiremos os mecanismos neuroprotetores dos astrócitos na isquemia cerebral, e focaremos principalmente na astrocitose reativa ou cicatriz glial, neurogênese, fagocitose e tolerância isquêmica cerebral, para fornecer novas estratégias para o tratamento clínico do acidente vascular cerebral.

Keywords

Astrocytes - Ischemic Stroke - Neurogenesis - Phagocytosis - Ischemic Preconditioning - Neuroprotective Agents

Palavras-chave

Astrócitos - AVC Isquêmico - Neurogênese - Fagocitose - Precondicionamento Isquêmico - Fármacos Neuroprotetores

Authors' Contributions

XX: conceptualization, writing the original draft; JL: supervision, writing, reviewing & editing.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 11. September 2022

Angenommen: 15. Januar 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
30. August 2023

© 2023. Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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