New victim, same old virus: an unexpected encounter in a hedgehog

Introduction In Germany, Borna disease virus-1 (BoDV-1) infection is one of the most common causes of fatal meningoencephalomyelitis in people, horses and alpacas, likewise. Its reservoir host appears to be the insectivorous shrew (Crocidura leucodon). Herein, we describe the first case of BoDV-1 meningoencephalitis in a hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) that was euthanised after progressive incoordination with gait abnormalities and behavioural changes.

Materials and Methods The carcass underwent full postmortem examination including histopathology of the nervous system, immunohistochemical examination and PCR for BoDV-1.

Results Histopathological examination of the brain revealed a widespread lymphoplasmohistiocytic meningoencephalitis, predominantly affecting the grey matter of cortices, diencephalon and brainstem. PCR and immunohistochemistry on most affected areas were positive for BoDV-1.

Discussion Neurological signs in this hedgehog were caused by a meningoencephalitis subsequent to BoDV-1 infection. The pattern of brain lesions and distribution of virus antigen differs somewhat from those seen in the other mammalian end hosts. Despite belonging to the order Eulipotyphla as the bicoloured white-toothed shrew, the extent of brain damage excludes the role of a reservoir host, at least in this affected individual. Distribution of BoDV-1 infection within the hedgehog population, however, is unknown.

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
11. August 2023