Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771160
Blood Gas Transport: Carriage of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/srccm/202305/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0043-1771160_230505-1.jpg)
Abstract
The ways in which oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are carried in the blood are well known and well understood, with a plethora of textbooks, both general and lung specific, all presenting the topic in a very similar manner. This first of two companion chapters similarly summarizes this information. First, carriage of gases by physical solution is described, followed by discussion of O2, carbon monoxide, and CO2 transport in that order. However, what available texts have not emphasized is why knowing how gases are carried in blood matters, and the second, companion, chapter specifically addresses that critical aspect of gas exchange physiology. In fact, each of the chapters in this volume describes physiological behavior that depends more or less directly on the dissociation curves of O2 and CO2.
Keywords
hemoglobin - solubility - partial pressure - concentration - dissociation curves - O2–CO2 interactionsPublication History
Article published online:
11 August 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Barrett KE, Barman SM, Brooks HL, Yuan JX. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology. 26th ed.. New York: McGraw Hill; 2019
- 2 Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Medical Physiology. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017
- 3 Hall JE. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed.. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2021
- 4 Fox SI, Rompolski K. Human Physiology. 16th ed.. New York: McGraw Hill; 2022
- 5 Koeppen BM, Stanton BA, Hall JM, Swiatecka-Urban A. Berne and Levy: Physiology. 8th ed.. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2024
- 6 Costanzo LS. BRS Series: Physiology. 8th ed.. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2023
- 7 Tandon OP, Tripathy Y. Best and Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice. 13th ed.. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2012
- 8 Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander's Human Physiology. New York: McGraw Hill; 2022
- 9 Cloutier MM. Respiratory Physiology. 2nd ed.. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018
- 10 Hlastala MP, Berger AJ. Physiology of Respiration. Oxford University Press; 2001
- 11 Levitzky MG. Pulmonary Physiology. 10th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2022
- 12 Lumb AB, Thomas CR. Nunn's Applied Respiratory Physiology. 9th ed.. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2020
- 13 West JB, Luks AM. West's Respiratory Physiology. 11th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020
- 14 Weibel ER. The Pathway for Oxygen: Structure and Function in the Mammalian Respiratory System. Harvard University Press; 1984
- 15 Hedley-Whyte J, Laver MB. O2 solubility in blood and temperature correction factors for PO2. J Appl Physiol 1964; 19 (05) 901-906
- 16 Hill AV. The possible effects of the aggregation of the molecules of haemoglobin on its dissociation curves. J Physiol 1910; 40: 4-7
- 17 Kaufman DP, Khattar J, Lappin SL. Physiology, Fetal Hemoglobin. StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2021
- 18 Benesch R, Benesch RE. The effect of organic phosphates from the human erythrocyte on the allosteric properties of hemoglobin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1967; 26 (02) 162-167
- 19 Roughton F, Darling R. The effect of carbon monoxide on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Am J Physiol 1944; 141 (01) 17-31
- 20 Kelman GR. Digital computer subroutine for the conversion of oxygen tension into saturation. J Appl Physiol 1966; 21 (04) 1375-1376
- 21 Kelman GR. Digital computer procedure for the conversion of PCO2 into blood CO2 content. Respir Physiol 1967; 3 (01) 111-115
- 22 Kelman GR. Computer program for the production of O2-CO2 diagrams. Respir Physiol 1968; 4 (02) 260-269
- 23 Wagner PD. Insensitivity of VO2max to hemoglobin-P50 as sea level and altitude. Respir Physiol 1997; 107 (03) 205-212
- 24 Wagner PD, Wagner HE, Groves BM, Cymerman A, Houston CS. Hemoglobin P(50) during a simulated ascent of Mt. Everest, Operation Everest II. High Alt Med Biol 2007; 8 (01) 32-42
- 25 Nañagas KA, Penfound SJ, Kao LW. Carbon monoxide toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2022; 40 (02) 283-312
- 26 Blumenthal I. Carbon monoxide poisoning. J R Soc Med 2001; 94 (06) 270-272
- 27 Christmas KM, Bassingthwaighte JB. Equations for O2 and CO2 solubilities in saline and plasma: combining temperature and density dependences. J Appl Physiol 2017; 122 (05) 1313-1320
- 28 Meldrum NU, Roughton FJ. Carbonic anhydrase. Its preparation and properties. J Physiol 1933; 80 (02) 113-142
- 29 Kernohan JC, Forrest WW, Roughton FJ. The activity of concentrated solutions of carbonic anhydrase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1963; 67: 31-41
- 30 Bohr C, Hasselbalch K, Krogh A. Concerning a biologically important relationship - the influence of the carbon dioxide content of blood on its oxygen binding. Skand Arch Physiol 1904; 16: 401-412
- 31 Christiansen J, Douglas CG, Haldane JS. The absorption and dissociation of carbon dioxide by human blood. J Physiol 1914; 48 (04) 244-271