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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2023; 58(04): e551-e556
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772196
Artigo de Atualização
Joelho

Tratamento das lesões condrais no joelho

Article in several languages: português | English
José Paulo Aramburu Gabbi Filho 
1   Médico Ortopedista e Traumatologista, Serviço de Traumato-Ortopedia, Hospital Central da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
2   Médico Ortopedista e Traumatologista, Serviço de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Hospital Quinta D'Or, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
,
Eduardo Branco de Sousa 
3   Ortopedista e Traumatologista, Centro de Cirurgia do Joelho, Divisão de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
› Author Affiliations Suporte Financeiro A presente pesquisa não recebeu nenhum financiamento específico de agências de financiamento dos setores público, comercial ou sem fins lucrativos.
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Resumo

As lesões da cartilagem articular são comuns e levam à deterioração precoce da articulação e ao desenvolvimento da osteoartrite. As técnicas de reparo da cartilagem articular visam a formação de um neo-tecido cartilaginoso capaz de suportar carga articular e evitar a progressão da degeneração. Há várias técnicas disponíveis para esse fim, como a microfratura e o transplante de condrócitos. Entretanto muitas vezes o desfecho do procedimento é a formação de fibrocartilagem, que não possui a mesma resistência mecânica do tecido cartilaginoso. Em outros procedimentos, nos quais é realizado enxerto osteocondral autólogo, há risco de morbidade associada ao procedimento, além da disponibilidade limitada de tecido. Por esse motivo, o transplante osteocondral, utilizando enxertos a fresco ou congelados tem sido utilizado para lesões de maior volume. Por fim, novas técnicas utilizando fragmentos de cartilagem picada ou particulada, assim como o uso de células tronco mesenquimais se apresentam como promissores. O objetivo desse artigo é realizar uma atualização dos procedimentos para tratamento das lesões condrais do joelho.

Palavras-chave

cartilagem articular - condrócitos - microfratura - transplantes de células - traumatismos do joelho


Publication History

Received: 21 March 2023

Accepted: 12 April 2023

Article published online:
30 August 2023

© 2023. Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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