PDF herunterladen
Facial Plast Surg 2023; 39(06): 660-667
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772576
Original Article

Pediatric Functional Rhinoplasty

Samantha Shave
1   Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson/Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
,
Joseph Vella
2   Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson/Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
,
Binoy Chandy
3   Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Complex Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson/Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
› Institutsangaben
› Weitere Informationen
    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Surgery on the growing pediatric nose poses many questions regarding the indications and proper timing. Historically, surgeries on the pediatric nose led to facial growth alterations so many urged caution and waiting until skeletal maturity at the age of 18. However, animal studies showed some promise that facial growth may not be affected. Investigations into effects of pediatric sinus surgery and septal surgery on facial growth showed no issues. The external nose is somewhat different in that minor variations potentially can grow to a cosmetic deformity. However, numerous studies on facial growth show, to date, that it is not affected, and that surgery is safe. The caveat that one uses is the techniques of cartilage sparing and preservation, which have been studied and shown to be safe. There are ways to measure the effectiveness of surgery in relieving nasal airway obstruction both objectively and, more recently, subjectively. It is essential to treat pediatric nasal airway obstruction to avoid other facial growth problems, such as mouth breathing, snoring, malocclusion, and obstructive sleep apnea.

Keywords

pediatric - rhinoplasty - nasal growth - neonatal - septoplasty


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
24. August 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Freer OT. The correction of deflections of the nasal septum with a minimum of traumatism. J Am Med Assoc 1902; XXXVIII (10) 636-642
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Alter FW. The submucous resection of deflected nasal septi. The so-called Killian operation. Report of cases. J Am Med Assoc 1905; XLV (01) 34-36
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Metezenbaum M. Asymmetry o the nares: a positive diagnostic sign or entity establishing anatomic displacement of lower end of cartilaginous nasal septum. Arch Otolaryngol 1932; 16 (05) 690-697
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Hayton CH. Reports for the year 1915 from the Throat and Ear Department of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh: an investigation into the results of the submucous resection of the septum in children. J Laryngol Otol 1916; 31 (04) 132-138
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Akgüner M, Barutçu A, Karaca C. Adolescent growth patterns of the bony and cartilaginous framework of the nose: a cephalometric study. Ann Plast Surg 1998; 41 (01) 66-69
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Sarnat BG, Wexler MR. Postnatal growth of the nose and face after resection of septal cartilage in the rabbit. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1968; 26 (05) 712-727
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Sarnat BG, Wexler MR. Growth of the face and jaws after resection of the septal cartilage in the rabbit. Am J Anat 1966; 118 (03) 755-767
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Squier CA, Wada T, Ghoneim S, Kremenak CR. A histological and ultrastructural study of wound healing after vomer resection in the beagle dog. Arch Oral Biol 1985; 30 (11-12): 833-841
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Stenström SJ, Thilander BL. Effects of nasal septal cartilage resections on young guinea pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg 1970; 45 (02) 160-170
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Fuchs P. Experimental production of growth disturbance by using a caudally based vomerine flap in rabbits. Transactions of the Fourth International Congress of Plastic Surgery. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medical Foundation. 1969: 484-488
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Bernstein L. Early submucous resection of nasal septal cartilage. A pilot study in canine pups. Arch Otolaryngol 1973; 97 (03) 273-278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Som PM, Naidich TP. Illustrated review of the embryology and development of the facial region, part 1: early face and lateral nasal cavities. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34 (12) 2233-2240
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Verwoerd CD, Verwoerd-Verhoef HL. Rhinosurgery in children: developmental and surgical aspects of the growing nose. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 9: Doc05
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Verwoerd CD, Urbanus NA, Nijdam DC. The effects of septal surgery on the growth of nose and maxilla. Rhinology 1979; 17 (02) 53-63
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 van der Heijden P, Korsten-Meijer AG, van der Laan BF, Wit HP, Goorhuis-Brouwer SM. Nasal growth and maturation age in adolescents: a systematic review. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 134 (12) 1288-1293
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Gupta A, Svider PF, Rayess H. et al. Pediatric rhinoplasty: a discussion of perioperative considerations and systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 92: 11-16
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Johnson MD. Management of pediatric nasal surgery (rhinoplasty). Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2017; 25 (02) 211-221
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Funamura JL, Sykes JM. Pediatric septorhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2014; 22 (04) 503-508
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Björk A, Skieller V. Growth and development of the maxillary complex [in German]. Inf Orthod Kieferorthop 1984; 16 (01) 9-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Cingi C, Muluk NB, Ulusoy S. et al. Septoplasty in children. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2016; 30 (02) e42-e47
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Grymer LF, Bosch C. The nasal septum and the development of the midface. A longitudinal study of a pair of monozygotic twins. Rhinology 1997; 35 (01) 6-10
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Gary CC. Pediatric nasal surgery: timing and technique. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 25 (04) 286-290
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Calvo-Henríquez C, Neves JC, Arancibia-Tagle D. et al. Does pediatric septoplasty compromise midfacial growth? A systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277 (06) 1565-1574
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 D'Ascanio L, Lancione C, Pompa G, Rebuffini E, Mansi N, Manzini M. Craniofacial growth in children with nasal septum deviation: a cephalometric comparative study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 74 (10) 1180-1183
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Can İH, Ceylan Ka, Bayiz U, Ölmez A, Samim E. Acoustic rhinometry in the objective evaluation of childhood septoplasties. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69 (04) 445-448
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Courtiss EH, Goldwyn RM. The effects of nasal surgery on airflow. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983; 72 (01) 9-21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Stewart MG, Smith TL, Weaver EM. et al. Outcomes after nasal septoplasty: results from the Nasal Obstruction Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004; 130 (03) 283-290
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Kawai K, Dombrowski N, AuYeung T, Adil EA. Validation of the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale in pediatric patients. Laryngoscope 2021; 131 (09) E2594-E2598
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Jiang ZY, Pereira KD, Friedman NR, Mitchell RB. Inferior turbinate surgery in children: a survey of practice patterns. Laryngoscope 2012; 122 (07) 1620-1623
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Wang Y, Fardouly J, Vartanian LR, Lei L. Selfie-viewing and facial dissatisfaction among Chinese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of general attractiveness internalization and body appreciation. Body Image 2019; 30: 35-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Pentz S, Pirsig W, Lenders H. Long-term results of neonates with nasal deviation: a prospective study over 12 years. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1994; 28 (2-3): 183-191
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Tasca I, Compadretti GC. Immediate correction of nasal septum dislocation in newborns: long-term results. Am J Rhinol 2004; 18 (01) 47-51
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 El-Hakim H, Crysdale WS, Abdollel M, Farkas LG. A study of anthropometric measures before and after external septoplasty in children: a preliminary study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001; 127 (11) 1362-1366
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Béjar I, Farkas LG, Messner AH, Crysdale WS. Nasal growth after external septoplasty in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 122 (08) 816-821
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Tasca I, Compadretti GC. Nasal growth after pediatric septoplasty at long-term follow-up. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 25 (01) e7-e12
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Kamil RJ, Roxbury C, Boss E. Pediatric rhinoplasty: a national surgical quality improvement program analysis. Laryngoscope 2019; 129 (02) 494-499
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Floyd EM, Ho S, Patel P, Rosenfeld RM, Gordin E. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating functional rhinoplasty outcomes with the NOSE score. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 156 (05) 809-815
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Bishop R, Sethia R, Allen D, Elmaraghy CA. Pediatric nasal septoplasty outcomes. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10 (11) 2883-2887
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Saniasiaya J, Abdullah B. Quality of life in children following nasal septal surgery: a review of its outcome. Pediatr Investig 2019; 3 (03) 180-184
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Fuller JC, Levesque PA, Lindsay RW. Functional septorhinoplasty in the pediatric and adolescent patient. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 111: 97-102
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Manteghi A, Din H, Bundogji N, Leuin SC. Pediatric septoplasty and functional septorhinoplasty: a quality of life outcome study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 111: 16-20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Adil E, Goyal N, Fedok FG. Corrective nasal surgery in the younger patient. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2014; 16 (03) 176-182
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Khetpal S, Dinis J, Peck C, Parsaei Y, Lopez J, Steinbacher DM. Utilizing age of menarche to optimize pediatric rhinoplasty. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33 (02) 444-448
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Shehan JN, Liu J, LeClair J, Mahoney TF, Levi JR, Ezzat WH. Pediatric septorhinoplasty: current attitudes and practices by facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44 (01) 103684
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar