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CC BY 4.0 · Pharmaceutical Fronts 2023; 05(03): e141-e152
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772607
Original Article

Buchholzia coriacea Leaves Attenuated Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Hyperlipidemic Rats and Its Potential Targets In Silico

Daniel E. Uti
1   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
,
Udu A. Ibiam
2   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
3   Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Evangel University Akaeze, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Wilson A. Omang
4   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Cross River State College of Health Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
,
Precious A. Udeozor
3   Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Evangel University Akaeze, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Grace U. Umoru
3   Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Evangel University Akaeze, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Solomon K. Nwadum
5   Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Clinical Basic Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
,
Inalegwu Bawa
1   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
,
Esther U. Alum
2   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Joseph C. Mordi
6   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
,
Edith O. Okoro
7   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
,
Uket Nta Obeten
8   Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Eucharia N. Onwe
9   Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Suleiman Zakari
1   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria
10   CApIC-ACE Cancer Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
,
Ohunene Rukayat Opotu
2   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
,
Patrick M. Aja
2   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Abstract

The study aimed to investigate how the solvent extract of Buchholzia coriacea (BCE), a widely known hypolipidemic agent, could contribute to hyperlipidemia treatment and identify the potential bioactive compounds. We studied Wistar albino rats, dividing them into seven groups: the normal control, normal rats treated with 400 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE (NRG group), the hyperlipidemic control (HPC group), hyperlipidemic rats treated with atorvastatin, a standard control drug (SC group), as well as 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg.b.wt of BCE extract respectively (T1, T2, T3 groups). The potential compounds that functioned in BCE extract were analyzed by in silico binding to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN). The binding affinities and drug-like properties of the compounds were determined using virtual screening and absorption distribution metabolism excretion and toxicity prediction analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, and 44 chemical compounds in the leaf extract of BCE. BCE significantly reduced the levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic coefficient, atherogenic index, and coronary risk index, while enhancing the levels of high-density lipoprotein and cardioprotective index in comparison to the HPC group. The BCE reduced malondialdehyde quantities, which exhibit high levels in HPC. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as glutathione levels, which are otherwise reduced in HPC, were increased upon the BCE treatment. Among the identified BCE compounds, lupenone and 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene exhibited the highest binding affinities to ACC and FASN, suggesting that these two compounds might be the bioactive BCE components displaying hypolipidemic properties. BCE is found to be beneficial in blocking hyperlipidemia through the modulation of lipid profile, the protection of cardiovascular function, as well as the suppression of oxidative stress. BCE may be a natural source for exploring novel drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Keywords

Buchholzia coriacea - lupenone - 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene - acetyl-CoA carboxylase - fatty acid synthase - hyperlipidemia

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

The Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora was complied with by this study. Additionally, the Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Nigeria and the Department of Biochemistry Ethical Committee on Research, Innovation, and Institutional Ethical Committee authorized the study (FUHSO/ET/BCH/22/002).


Supporting Information

Chemical profile of methanolic BCE ([Table S1] [Supporting Information]), the drug-likeness, absorption profile, metabolism, and toxicity profiles of the top-posed compounds ([Tables S2–S5] [Supporting Information]), as well as a two-dimensional representation of the molecular interactions between protein and ligand ([Fig. S1] [Supporting Information]) are included in the Supporting Information (available in the online version).


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 03 March 2023

Accepted: 26 July 2023

Article published online:
05 September 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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