Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Coloproctology 2023; 43(03): e199-e203
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772781
Original Article

The Impact of Smoking on the Complications of Acute Appendicitis

Raed Esttaifan Rezqallah 
1   Surgery Department, Alkindy College of Medicine, Raed Esttaifan Rezqallah University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
,
Abdulhadi L. Alrubaie 
2   Surgery University, Baghdad Alkindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
› Author Affiliations Financial Support and Scholarship Nil.
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction The pathophysiology of appendicitis likely stems from obstruction of the appendiceal orifice leading to an increase in intraluminal and intramural pressure, resulting in small vessel occlusion and lymphatic stasis. Organ supplied by an end artery, such as the appendix, are more prone to the deleterious effects of arterial occlusion. The continuous cigarette smoking might be associated with a greater risk for developing atherosclerosis.

Objectives The aim is to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the incidence of complications of acute appendicitis.

Methods Patients suffered from symptoms and signs suggesting acute appendicitis were examined and investigated. a multiple items collecting data questionnaire including smoking status and exclusion of confounders were constructed. The complicated and non-complicated appendicitis were compared concerning their smoking status.

Results Seventy-two Patients were included in this study; the mean age of studied patients was 24.13 ± 9.1 years. The age of 57% of patients were below the mean age and considered as younger age group, while the remaining 43% of patients were equal or above the mean age which considered as older age group. Thirty-three percentage of patients had ≥ 36 hours prehospital delay and considered as delay group, while the remaining 67% of patients had < 36 hours prehospital delay which considered no delay group, males constitute 54% of studied patients. smokers constitute 29% while the remaining 71% of studied patients were nonsmokers, 61.9% of the smokers developed complications of appendicitis.

Conclusion Perforated acute appendicitis is higher among current tobacco smokers.

Keywords

Appendicitis - complicated - smoking


Publication History

Received: 27 April 2023

Accepted: 21 June 2023

Article published online:
21 September 2023

© 2023. Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • References

  • 1 Sudha K, Sundarapandian S, Muniappan V. A cadaveric study of anatomical variations in the arterial supply of vermiform appendix. Int J Anat Res 2017; 5 (2.1): 3777-3779
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Livingston EH, Fomby TB, Woodward WA, Haley RW. Epidemiological similarities between appendicitis and diverticulitis suggesting a common underlying pathogenesis. Arch Surg 2011; 146 (03) 308-314
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Livingston EH, Woodward WA, Sarosi GA, Haley RW. Disconnect between incidence of nonperforated and perforated appendicitis: implications for pathophysiology and management. Ann Surg 2007; 245 (06) 886-892
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Petroianu A. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Int J Surg 2012; 10 (03) 115-119
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Lin KB, Lai KR, Yang NP. et al. Epidemiology and socioeconomic features of appendicitis in Taiwan: a 12-year population-based study. World J Emerg Surg 2015; 10: 42
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Kooij IA, Sahami S, Meijer SL, Buskens CJ, Te Velde AA. The immunology of the vermiform appendix: a review of the literature. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186 (01) 1-9
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Hamilton AL, Kamm MA, Ng SC, Morrison M. Proteus spp. as Putative Gastrointestinal Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31 (03) e00085-17
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 D'Souza N, Nugent K. Appendicitis. Am Fam Physician 2016; 93 (02) 142-143
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 9 Hyman C. The concept of end arteries and diversion of blood flow. Invest Ophthalmol 1965; 4 (06) 1000-1003
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Dawood OT, Rashan MA, Hassali MA, Saleem F. Knowledge and perception about health risks of cigarette smoking among Iraqi smokers. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8 (02) 146-151
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Geneva: World Health Organization. 2011 . [Last Accessed on July 1, 2013]. Non communicable Disease Country Profiles 2011. Iraq. Available from: http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/irq_en.pdf . [Google Scholar]
    PubMed
  • 12 World Health Organization. 2013 . [Last Accessed on June 16, 2014]. Cooperation Strategy for WHO and Iraq 2012-2017. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Available from: http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_irq_en.pdf . [Google Scholar]
    PubMed
  • 13 Hu SS, Neff L, Agaku IT. et al. Tobacco product use among adults—United States, 2013–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65 (27) 685-691
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Malenica M, Prnjavorac B, Bego T. et al. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological Parameters in Healthy Population. Med Arh 2017; 71 (02) 132-136
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Cavusoglu Y, Timuralp B, Us T. et al. Cigarette smoking increases plasma concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in patients with coronary artery disease. Angiology 2004; 55 (04) 397-402
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Bickell NA, Aufses Jr AH, Rojas M, Bodian C. How time affects the risk of rupture in appendicitis. J Am Coll Surg 2006; 202 (03) 401-406
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Jha P, Ranson MK, Nguyen SN, Yach D. Estimates of global and regional smoking prevalence in 1995, by age and sex. Am J Public Health 2002; 92 (06) 1002-1006
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Sadr Azodi O, Lindström D, Adami J, Bellocco R, Linder S, Wladis A. Impact of body mass index and tobacco smoking on outcome after open appendicectomy. Br J Surg 2008; 95 (06) 751-757
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Balogun OS, Osinowo A, Afolayan M, Olajide T, Lawal A, Adesanya A. Acute perforated appendicitis in adults: Management and complications in Lagos, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2019; 18 (01) 36-41
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar