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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · International Journal of Epilepsy 2022; 08(02): 058-068
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774744
Original Article

The Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Acute Care Setting for Intravenous Levetiracetam (Focale) in Children

Siriporn Tiamkao
1   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2   Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Preechaya Ruangritkul
3   Department of Pharmacy Service, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Nanthaphan Chainirun
2   Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
3   Department of Pharmacy Service, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Tarnthip Hutthawanichakornkul
3   Department of Pharmacy Service, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Issara Bungtong
3   Department of Pharmacy Service, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Pinjutha Thongjankaew
3   Department of Pharmacy Service, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Sineenard Mungmanitmongkol
2   Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
4   Division of Nursing, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Somsak Tiamkao
2   Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
5   Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Narong Auvichayapat
2   Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
6   Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
Kittisak Sawanyawisuth
7   Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
,
on Behalf of Integrated Epilepsy Research Group, Khon Kaen University › Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Background Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious neurological emergency with a high mortality rate. Although levetiracetam is an effective antiepileptic drug for managing SE, its excessive cost may limit its accessibility. Focale, a more affordable generic version, is currently available and is more than 50% less expensive than the original version. However, there is currently no study on the efficacy and safety of Focale in pediatric patients with SE.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the antiepileptic drug, Focale, in pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study that examined 131 pediatric patients younger than 18 years, who were treated with Focale for seizure control and prevention between June 2019 and November 2022.

Results A total of 131 patients were included in the study, of which 73 (55.7%) were male. The age group with the highest frequency was 0 to 3 years old (28.2%). Focale was used with the following indications: (1) SE (45.04%), (2) acute repetitive convulsive seizures (22.14%), (3) primary prophylaxis (26.72%), (4) acute first seizure (1.52%), and (5) patients with epilepsy with nothing per oral (4.58%). Regarding the outcomes, the seizure-controlled rate in the seizure group was 81.1%, while the seizure prevention rate was 92.7% for those who received Focale as a seizure prophylaxis. Only 2 out of 131 patients had experienced adverse effects (1.5%).

Conclusion The generic intravenous levetiracetam treatment had high seizure-controlled rate in patients with seizure attacks and seizure prevention rate in the seizure prophylaxis group in pediatric patients. Side effects of this regimen in pediatric patients were low.

Keywords

Focale - levetiracetam - children - efficacy - safety

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Article published online:
10 October 2023

© 2023. Indian Epilepsy Society. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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