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CC BY 4.0 · Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775817
Original Article

Interferons as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Giant Cell Tumor: A Hospital-Based Prospective Pilot Study

Saroj Prasad Sah
1   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,
Anil Regmi 
1   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,
Bishwa Bandhu Niraula 
1   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,
Amit Sehrawat 
2   Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,
Saroj Kumar Bhagat 
1   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
,
Mohit Dhingra 
1   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Abstract

Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is now considered an effective way to treat Campanacci grade 2 and 3 giant cell tumors (GCTs). Assessment of these drugs is essential clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. This study analyzes the early results of angiogenesis inhibitors (interferons) in the aggressive GCT of bone.

Methodology A prospective pilot study was conducted from January 2021 to July 2022 including eight biopsy-proven GCT patients subjected to interferon therapy. Radiological assessment was done with changes on plain radiograph, computerized tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging. Histopathological examination was done by changes in the biopsy and resected segment.

Results Out of the eight patients included in the study, 26% (n = 3) were males and 62% (n = 5) were females, with mean age of the patients being 24.6 ± 8.48 years (range: 22–38). There was significant reduction of the size of swelling (p-value: 0.049), significant reduction in Visual Analog Scale score (p-value: 0.011), significant decrease in swelling size on radiograph (p-value: 0.012), significant marginal sclerosis (p-value: 0.001), significant neocortex formation on radiographs (p-value: 0.001), significant result in and osteoid formation (p-value: 0.001) on histology. Whereas Campanacci grade on plain radiographs, number of viable cells, and number of viable stromal cell were not statistically different in comparison with pretherapy and posttherapy status.

Conclusion Interferon therapy in a GCT has potential beneficiary effect in terms of clinical, radiological, and pathological outcomes. It might prove to be an effective alternative to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the management of aggressive GCT of bones.

Level of Evidence III.

Keywords

giant cell tumor - neoadjuvant chemotherapy - interferon - Campanacci grading - ICDS criteria - RECIST criteria

Patient Consent

Consent was taken with each individual for the enrollment of study and publication of data on research paper. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.


Ethical Review Committee Statement

Clearance obtained from institutional ethical clearance committee. A copy of the Certificate of Ethical Clearance is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal on request.


Authors' Contributions

S.P.S.: Planning of study, data management, writing, and revising the manuscript.


A.R.: Data management and manuscript preparation.


B.B.N.: Data management and manuscript preparation.


A.S.: Data management.


M.D.: Planning of study, revising the manuscript, and as corresponding author.


Financial Support and Sponsorship

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.


Supplementary Material



Publication History

Article published online:
30 January 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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