CC BY 4.0 · Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2024; 59(02): e160-e171
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776135
Artigo de Atualização
Dor

Update on Musculoskeletal Pain Management

Artikel in mehreren Sprachen: português | English
1   Colégio Médico de Acupuntura do Estado de SP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
,
Ricardo Kobayashi
2   Centro de Dor, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
,
3   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
,
4   Cirurgia de Ombro e Cotovelo, Instituto de Previdência dos Servidores do Estado de Minas Gerais (IPSEMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
,
André Cicone Liggieri
2   Centro de Dor, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
,
5   Serviço de Dor e Cuidados Paliativos, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
› Institutsangaben
Financial Support This study received no financial support.

Abstract

Pain is the most common complaint reported to orthopedists in the outpatient clinic, emergency room, or booth. Numerous publications report the inadequate management of both acute and chronic pain by health professionals. This updated article aims to provide information about musculoskeletal pain, its classification, evaluation, diagnosis, and the multimodal therapeutic approach for each case. For acute pain, adequate control allows for earlier rehabilitation to work and reduces the rates of pain chronification. For chronic pain, the goal is to reduce its intensity and improve the quality of life. Currently, some procedures are increasingly used and aided by imaging tests for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.



Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 29. April 2020

Angenommen: 25. August 2023

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
01. Februar 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 
  • Referências

  • 1 Rice ASC, Smith BH, Blyth FM. Pain and the global burden of disease. Pain 2016; 157 (04) 791-796
  • 2 Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90 (01) 139-147
  • 3 Raja SN, Carr DB, Cohen M. et al. The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. Pain 2020; 161 (09) 1976-1982
  • 4 Chapman CR, Vierck CJ. The Transition of Acute Postoperative Pain to Chronic Pain: An Integrative Overview of Research on Mechanisms. J Pain 2017; 18 (04) 359.e1-359.e38
  • 5 Woller SA, Eddinger KA, Corr M, Yaksh TL. An overview of pathways encoding nociception. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017; 35 (5, Suppl 107) 40-46
  • 6 Cohen SP, Vase L, Hooten WM. Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances. Lancet 2021; 397 (10289): 2082-2097
  • 7 Aguiar DP, Souza CP, Barbosa WJ, Santos-Júnior FF, Oliveira AS. Prevalência de dor crônica no Brasil: revisão sistemática. BrJP São Paulo 2021; 4 (03) 257-267
  • 8 Fletcher D, Stamer UM, Pogatzki-Zahn E. et al; euCPSP group for the Clinical Trial Network group of the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Chronic postsurgical pain in Europe: An observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015; 32 (10) 725-734
  • 9 Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A. et al. Chronic pain as a symptom or a disease: the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Pain 2019; 160 (01) 19-27
  • 10 Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA. et al. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain 2016; 17 (02) 131-157
  • 11 Merskey H, Bogduk N. , Eds. Classification of chronic pain descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed. Seattle (WA): International Association for the Study of Pain; 1994
  • 12 Moisset X, Bouhassira D, Avez Couturier J. et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for neuropathic pain: Systematic review and French recommendations. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176 (05) 325-352
  • 13 Heller GZ, Manuguerra M, Chow R. How to analyze the Visual Analogue Scale: Myths, truths and clinical relevance. Scand J Pain 2016; 13: 67-75
  • 14 VanDenKerkhof EG, Stitt L, Clark AJ. et al. Sensitivity of the DN4 in Screening for Neuropathic Pain Syndromes. Clin J Pain 2018; 34 (01) 30-36
  • 15 Bennett M. The LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs. Pain 2001; 92 (1-2): 147-157
  • 16 Freynhagen R, Baron R, Gockel U, Tölle TR. painDETECT: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22 (10) 1911-1920
  • 17 World Health Organization. Cancer pain relief. Geneva Albany, NY: World Health Organization; ; WHO Publications Center USA distributor; 1986
  • 18 Yang J, Bauer BA, Wahner-Roedler DL, Chon TY, Xiao L. The Modified WHO Analgesic Ladder: Is It Appropriate for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain?. J Pain Res 2020; 13: 411-417
  • 19 Crews JC. Multimodal pain management strategies for office-based and ambulatory procedures. JAMA 2002; 288 (05) 629-632
  • 20 Rezende RM, França DS, Menezes GB, dos Reis WG, Bakhle YS, Francischi JN. Different mechanisms underlie the analgesic actions of paracetamol and dipyrone in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153 (04) 760-768
  • 21 Lorenzetti BB, Ferreira SH. Mode of analgesic action of dipyrone: direct antagonism of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 1985; 114 (03) 375-381
  • 22 Bernal W, Auzinger G, Dhawan A, Wendon J. Acute liver failure. Lancet 2010; 376 (9736) 190-201
  • 23 Hamerschlak N, Maluf E, Biasi Cavalcanti A. et al. Incidence and risk factors for agranulocytosis in Latin American countries–the Latin Study: a multicenter study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64 (09) 921-929
  • 24 Sakata RK, Nunes MHG. Analgesics use for kidney failure. Rev Dor 2014; 15 (03) 224-229
  • 25 Schug SA. Clinical pharmacology of non-opioid and opioid analgesics. In: Justins DM. , editor. Pain 2005–An Up- date Review: Refresher Course Syllabus. Seattle: IASP Press; 2005: 31-40
  • 26 Whelton A. Nephrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: physiologic foundations and clinical implications. Am J Med 1999; 106 (5B): 13S-24S
  • 27 Busse JW, Wang L, Kamaleldin M. et al. Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 2018; 320 (23) 2448-2460
  • 28 Kraychete DC, Siqueira JTT, Zakka TRM, Garcia JBS. Recommendations for the use of opioids in Brazil: Part III. Use in special situations (postoperative pain, musculoskeletal pain, neuropathic pain, gestation and lactation). Rev Dor 2014; 15 (02) 126-132
  • 29 Kraychete DC, Sakata RK. Use and rotation of opioids in chronic non-oncologic pain. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2012; 62 (04) 554-562
  • 30 Kraychete DC, Garcia JBS, Siqueira JTT. Recommendations for the use of opioids in Brazil: Part IV. Adverse opioid effects. Rev Dor 2014; 15 (03) 215-223
  • 31 García CA, Santos Garcia JB, Rosario Berenguel Cook MD. et al. Undertreatment of pain and low use of opioids in Latin America. Pain Manag (Lond) 2018; 8 (03) 181-196
  • 32 Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM. Tramadol. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in acute and chronic pain states. Drugs 1993; 46 (02) 313-340
  • 33 King S, Forbes K, Hanks GW, Ferro CJ, Chambers EJ. A systematic review of the use of opioid medication for those with moderate to severe cancer pain and renal impairment: a European Palliative Care Research Collaborative opioid guidelines project. Palliat Med 2011; 25 (05) 525-552
  • 34 Vree TB, van Dongen RT, Koopman-Kimenai PM. Codeine analgesia is due to codeine-6-glucuronide, not morphine. Int J Clin Pract 2000; 54 (06) 395-398
  • 35 Gong QL, Hedner T, Hedner J, Björkman R, Nordberg G. Antinociceptive and ventilatory effects of the morphine metabolites: morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide. Eur J Pharmacol 1991; 193 (01) 47-56
  • 36 Kobayashi R, Luzo MVM, Cohen M. Tratado de dor musculoesquelética. São Paulo: Alef; 2019
  • 37 Lalovic B, Kharasch E, Hoffer C, Risler L, Liu-Chen LY, Shen DD. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxycodone in healthy human subjects: role of circulating active metabolites. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 79 (05) 461-479
  • 38 Dalal S, Chitneni A, Berger AA. et al. Buprenorphine for chronic pain: A safer alternative to traditional opioids. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9 (01) 27241
  • 39 Alshehri FS. Tapentadol: A review of experimental pharmacology studies, clinical trials, and recent findings. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17: 851-861
  • 40 Abdel Shaheed C, Maher CG, Williams KA, McLachlan AJ. Efficacy and tolerability of muscle relaxants for low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pain 2017; 21 (02) 228-237
  • 41 van Tulder MW, Touray T, Furlan AD, Solway S, Bouter LM. Muscle relaxants for non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 2003 (02) CD004252
  • 42 Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S. et al. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14 (02) 162-173
  • 43 Attal N. Pharmacological treatments of neuropathic pain: The latest recommendations. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175 (1-2): 46-50
  • 44 Hainline B, Derman W, Vernec A. et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in elite athletes. [published correction appears in Br J Sports Med. 2018 Jan 3;] Br J Sports Med 2017; 51 (17) 1245-1258
  • 45 Sabatschus I, Bösl I, Prevoo M. et al. Comparative Benefit-Risk Assessment for Lidocaine 700 mg Medicated Plaster and Pregabalin in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Following a Structured Framework Approach. Pain Ther 2022; 11 (01) 73-91
  • 46 Menezes MS, Sakata RK, Issy AM. Anticonvulsivantes. In: Sakata RK, Issy AM. , editores. Fármacos para tratamento da dor. Barueri, SP: Manole; 2008: 111-138
  • 47 Ben-Menachem E. Pregabalin pharmacology and its relevance to clinical practice. Epilepsia 2004; 45 (Suppl. 06) 13-18
  • 48 Gammaitoni AR, Alvarez NA, Galer BS. Pharmacokinetics and safety of continuously applied lidocaine patches 5%. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2002; 59 (22) 2215-2220
  • 49 Überall MA, Eerdekens M, Hollanders E, Bösl I, Sabatschus I. Lidocaine 700 mg medicated plaster for postherpetic neuralgia: real-world data from the German Pain e-Registry. Pain Manag (Lond) 2022; 12 (02) 195-209
  • 50 Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Kalso EA. et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 5 (05) CD008609
  • 51 Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE. et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27 (11) 1578-1589
  • 52 Liggieri VC, Yeng LT, Teixeira MJ. , Eds. Tratado de dor, reabilitação e atividade física: Conceitos e prática clínica. São Paulo: Editora dos Editores; 2022
  • 53 Centeno CJ, Williams CJ, Hyzy M. Interventional orthopedics in pain medicine practice. Tech Reg Anesth Main Manag 2015; 19 (1–2): 26-31
  • 54 Braun L, Braun L. Técnicas intervencionistas no tratamento da dor. Cienc Cult 2011; 63 (01) 49-50
  • 55 Korbe S, Udoji EN, Ness TJ, Udoji MA. Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for chronic pain management. Pain Manag (Lond) 2015; 5 (06) 465-482
  • 56 Lin J. Platelet-rich plasma injection in the treatment of frozen shoulder: A randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up
. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 56 (08) 366-371
  • 57 McCormick ZL, Reddy R, Korn M. et al. A prospective randomized trial of prognostic genicular nerve blocks to determine the predictive value for the outcome of cooled radiofrequency ablation for chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis. Pain Med 2018; 19 (08) 1628-1638