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CC BY 4.0 · Glob Med Genet 2023; 10(04): 315-323
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777094
Review Article

The Clinical Significance of MicroRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Signaling Pathways: A Review

Athanasios Michas
1   Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
,
Vasileios Michas
2   Department of Radiology, Achepa General Hospital Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Evangelos Anagnostou
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
,
Michail Galanopoulos
1   Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
,
Maria Tolia
1   Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
,
Nikolaos Tsoukalas
1   Department of Oncology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Colorectal carcinoma (colon and rectum) is currently considered among the most prevalent malignancies of Western societies. The pathogenesis and etiological mechanisms underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) development remain complex and heterogeneous. The homeostasis and function of normal human intestinal cells is highly regulated by microRNAs. Therefore, it is not surprising that mutations and inactivation of these molecules appear to be linked with progression of colorectal tumors. Recent studies have reported significant alterations of microRNA expression in adenomas and CRCs compared with adjacent normal tissues. This observed deviation has been proposed to correlate with the progression and survival of disease as well as with choice of optimal treatment and drug resistance. MicroRNAs can adopt either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles during regulation of pathways that drive carcinogenesis. Typically, oncogenic microRNAs termed oncomirs, target and silence endogenous tumor-suppressor genes. On the other hand, tumor-suppressive microRNAs are critical in downregulating genes associated with cell growth and malignant capabilities. By extensively evaluating robust studies, we have emphasized and distinguished a discrete set of microRNAs that can modulate tumor progression by silencing specific driver genes crucial in signaling pathways including Wnt/b-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor, P53, mismatch repair DNA repair, and transforming-growth factor beta.

Keywords

microRNAs - genomics - colorectal cancer - molecular pathways

Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

This is a literature-based review. This study does not contain any studies or trials performed by any of the authors.


Consent for Publication

Not applicable.


Authors' Contributions

A.M. made the literature research and composed the text. V.M. and E.A. analyzed and edited the supplementary material (image, table). M.G., M.T., and N.T. interpreted the analysis. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. All authors have made significant work toward completion of the manuscript.




Publication History

Article published online:
22 November 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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