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J Pediatr Infect Dis 2023; 18(04): 220-225
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-57235
Original Article

Emergence of Coxsackievirus A16 Causing Childhood Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: First Molecular Evidence from Bangladesh

Sheikh Ariful Hoque 
1   Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Kazi Selim Anwar
2   Research Division, Ad-din Women's Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Md. Azraf Hossain Khan
3   Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
,
Ummay Nasrin Sultana
1   Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Md. Ahasan Ali
4   Microbiology Division, Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Tania Hossain
1   Cell and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Laila Shamima Sharmin
3   Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
,
ARM Luthful Kabir
2   Research Division, Ad-din Women's Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Md. Abid Hossain Mollah
5   Department of Pediatrics, BIRDEM-2, Shegun Bagicha, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Sk. Azimul Hoque
6   Department of Pediatrics, National Institute Neuroscience and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Masuma Khan
2   Research Division, Ad-din Women's Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
,
Ngan Thi Kim Pham
7   Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
,
Pattara Khamrin
8   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
,
Shoko Okitsu
7   Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
,
Satoshi Hayakawa
7   Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
,
Hiroshi Ushijima
7   Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was supported by the revenue budget (2020–2021) of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Abstract

Objective Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), caused by various human enteroviruses (EVs), has emerged in the children of Bangladesh in recent years. However, the etiological agents of HFMD in Bangladeshi children are not yet elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the causative agents with molecular characterization.

Methods Viral RNAs were detected from the blister fluid samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; genotyping was done by sequence-based analysis of the partial viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) region, and the evolutionary relationships among the genotypes were investigated by phylogenetic analysis.

Results EV-RNAs were identified in 14 (61%) blister fluid samples out of 23 children who were suspected of HFMD during an outbreak in Rajshahi in 2020. Genome sequence analysis of the VP1 gene was performed on four strains: all the four were coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) that clustered in B1c subgenotype. These strains showed 95 to 98% nucleotide identity with those reported in India in 2013/2018.

Conclusion After our first report on clinical evidence of childhood HFMD in Bangladesh, this time, we provided laboratory confirmation of the emergence of CVA16 as a causative agent of HFMD in Bangladeshi children. There is an urgent need for nationwide, in-depth, clinicoepidemiological surveillance on HFMD including its virology and genetics before it becomes endemic in Bangladesh.

Keywords

HFMD - Bangladesh - CVA16 - blister fluid - phylogenetic analysis

Authorship Statement

All authors meet the ICMJE authorship criteria.




Publication History

Received: 11 December 2022

Accepted: 24 March 2023

Article published online:
18 April 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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