Download PDF
CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785197
Review Article

Anatomy of the Prostate Gland: Modalities and Techniques for Its Assessment

Gowtham S Mahadevan 
1   Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Venkatesh Kasi Arunachalam
1   Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Sriman Rajasekaran
1   Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Ravindar Kashyap
1   Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Kannan Gunasekaran
1   Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Suruthi Thirumoorthi
1   Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Prostate imaging is indispensable for the diagnosis and management of prostatic carcinoma and other prostate lesions. Understanding imaging anatomy is the basis for accurate diagnosis and standardized reporting of the prostatic lesions. In this article, we will discuss about general anatomy of the prostate, zonal anatomy, imaging techniques for its assessment, modality specific appearance of different zones of the prostate in detail.

Keywords

prostate anatomy - prostate cancer - prostate imaging - prostate MRI - prostate USG


Publication History

Article published online:
26 March 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Mitterberger M, Horninger W, Aigner F. et al. Ultrasound of the prostate. Cancer Imaging 2010; 10 (01) 40-48
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Tirkes T. Prostate MRI Essentials: A Practical Guide for Radiologists. Springer Nature; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: 2020
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Tzelves L, Protogerou V, Varkarakis I. Denonvilliers' fascia: the prostate border to the outside world. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14 (03) 688
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Onur MR, Orhan I, Firdolas F, Onur R, Kocakoç E. Clinical and radiological evaluation of ejaculatory duct obstruction. Arch Androl 2007; 53 (04) 179-186 [published correction appears in Arch Androl. 2007 Sep-Oct;53(5):295] [published correction appears in Arch Androl. 2007;53(4):295. Orhan, Yrfan [corrected to Orhan, Irfan]; Fýrdolaş, Fatih [corrected to Firdolas, Fatih]] DOI: 10.1080/01485010701426448.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Ryan S, McNicholas M, Eustace SJ. Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging. 3rd edition. London: Elsevier Health Sciences UK; 2011
    Google Scholar
  • 6 McNeal JE. Normal histology of the prostate. Am J Surg Pathol 1988; 12 (08) 619-633
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Devi VS. Inderbir Singh's human embryology. 11th ed. JP Medical Ltd; New Delhi: 2017
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Scott R, Misser SK, Cioni D, Neri E. PI-RADS v2.1: what has changed and how to report. SA J Radiol 2021; 25 (01) 2062
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Walz J, Burnett AL, Costello AJ. et al. A critical analysis of the current knowledge of surgical anatomy related to optimization of cancer control and preservation of continence and erection in candidates for radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2010; 57 (02) 179-192
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Verma S, Rajesh A. A clinically relevant approach to imaging prostate cancer: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196 (3, Suppl): S1-S10 , Quiz S11–S14
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Vargas HA, Akin O, Franiel T. et al. Normal central zone of the prostate and central zone involvement by prostate cancer: clinical and MR imaging implications. [published correction appears in Radiology. 2012 Aug;264(2):617] Radiology 2012; 262 (03) 894-902
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Turkbey B, Rosenkrantz AB, Haider MA. et al. Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 update of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2. Eur Urol 2019; 76 (03) 340-351
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Rumack CM, Wilson SR, Charboneau JW, Levine D. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 4th Edition. Mosby; Maryland Heights: 2011
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Picel AC, Hsieh TC, Shapiro RM, Vezeridis AM, Isaacson AJ. Prostatic artery embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia: patient evaluation, anatomy, and technique for successful treatment. Radiographics 2019; 39 (05) 1526-1548
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Singh O, Bolla SR. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Prostate. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Jan-. Accessed March 7, 2024 at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540987/
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Pedersen CK, Babu AS. Understanding the lymphatics: an updated review of the N category of the AJCC 8th edition for urogenital cancers. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217 (02) 368-377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar