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CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2024; 18(04): 1172-1178
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785534
Original Article

Impact of Periodontal Diseases on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Study with a Condition-Specific Questionnaire in Croatian Population

Aleksandar Pupovac
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
,
Davor Kuiš
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
2   Department of Periodontology, Clinic of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
3   Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
,
Ivana Mišković
2   Department of Periodontology, Clinic of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
,
Jelena Prpić
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
2   Department of Periodontology, Clinic of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
› Author Affiliations Funding This research is part of the project “Environmental factors and microbiological interactions in the structure of dental biofilm,” financed by the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-2020-02-4027).
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Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to translate and validate the condition-specific Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) in the Croatian cultural context and assess the impact of periodontal diseases and nonsurgical periodontal therapy on quality of life (QoL).

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 individuals: 50 periodontally healthy, 50 with gingivitis, and 50 with periodontitis who self-administrated the OHIP. The participants' age ranged between 18 and 71 years, with the median age of 45 (34–57) years. Forty-seven percent of the participants were females. The validity and reliability of the Croatian OHIP version were tested. The impact of gingivitis and periodontitis on QoL was assessed. Changes in QoL induced by nonsurgical periodontal therapy in 20 patients with periodontitis were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Categorical data were presented by absolute and relative frequencies. The normality of the distribution of continuous variables was tested by the Shapiro–Wilk test. Continuous data were described by the median and the limits of the interquartile range (IQR). Differences in continuous variables between two independent groups were tested with the Mann–Whitney U test, and between three groups with the Kruskal–Wallis test (post hoc Conover). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the differences in the total score before and after therapy. All p values were two-sided. The level of significance was set at alpha of 0.05.

Results The analysis detected a single-factor structure that explained for the 56.9% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.937, which indicated an excellent internal consistency. Overall OHIP score reported a strong correlation with the subjective estimate of periodontal problems (Rho = 0.92; p < 0.001). Test–retest reliability was high (r = 0.984; p < 0.001). The periodontitis group had the highest OHIP score (28 [23–34]), followed by the gingivitis group (14 [12–20]) and the periodontally healthy group (9 [5–11]; p < 0.001). Nonsurgical periodontal therapy significantly improved the QoL in those with periodontitis (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The condition-specific Croatian version of the OHIP instrument can be considered adequate to measure the impact of periodontal diseases on oral health–related QoL. Periodontal diseases, especially periodontitis, have a negative effect on the patient's QoL. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment can improve patients' QoL.

Keywords

oral health - periodontal diseases - quality of life - smoking - validation


Publication History

Article published online:
05 August 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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