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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Plast Surg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787850
Original Article

Normative Data of Carpal Bone Measurements in the Sample Adult Indian Population

Anil K. Bhat
1   Department of Hand surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Arvind Kumar Pandey
2   Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Mithun Pai G. 
1   Department of Hand surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Raghavendra MS
3   EKAA Orthopaedic and Dental Clinic, St. Philomena's Hospital, Apollo Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Chethan Kumar M.
4   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Shaurya Vikram Singh
1   Department of Hand surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Introduction Radiography is the most often accessible and affordable imaging modality. Accurate assessments of wrist X-rays can aid in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of various wrist problems. This study aims to identify normal radiographic anthropometry reference values and variations of carpal bones and joints by gender and age in sample Indian population, with the potential to be clinically applicable.

Materials and Methods Two investigators conducted a prospective analysis of normal wrist radiographs in a single center. Radiology Information Systems and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems were used to collect standard digitized normal X-rays without significant osseous pathology over a year. We conducted measurements of length, angles, and indices in a standard posteroanterior and lateral wrist X-rays in order to establish the standard dimensions and variances based on age and gender.

Results A total of 18 measurements which included eight linear measurements, eight angles, and two ratios were documented. A total of 500 X-rays of 250 males and 250 females with 125 of each in two age groups of 20 and 40 years and 41 and 60 years were evaluated.

Conclusion This work is a comprehensive database of the Indian population measuring parameters in normal wrist radiographs of posteroanterior and lateral views. The results of our study indicate that men and younger individuals had a significantly higher carpal height ratio. The width of distal radial ulnar joint space was significantly lesser in older subjects. Additionally, males showed a significantly higher lunate uncovered ratio and radial height. When compared to the literature, the study revealed a significant positive ulnar variance in elderly people and women. However, we noted an overall increase in the percentage of positive ulnar variance individuals in our study. We also recorded a marginal increase in radial inclination with no variations across gender and age.

Keywords

normative - wrist - Indian - carpal height ratio - ulnar variance

Authors' Contribution

A.K.B. served as the investigator, contributing to the concept, data measurement analysis, statistics, and manuscript editing. A.K.P. was involved in data collection, measurements, analysis, and manuscript editing. M.P.G. handled measurement analysis and manuscript writing. R.M.S., C.K.M., and S.V.S. all contributed to data collection, measurements, and analysis.


Ethical Approval

Approval Letter Number: KHIEC/879/2021.




Publication History

Article published online:
25 June 2024

© 2024. Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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