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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Plast Surg 2024; 57(04): 256-262
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788999
Original Article

Normative Data of Grip Strength and Pinch Strength in the Indian Population

Subashini Rajendiran 
1   Department of Hand Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
G. Mithun Pai 
2   Department of Hand Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Vishal Verma
3   Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Srinivasan Rajappa
1   Department of Hand Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Anil Bhat
2   Department of Hand Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
,
Sunil Gaba 
4   Department of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
,
Mukund Thatte
5   Department of Plastic Surgery, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Background There is no normative study of transregional grip strength data available from India. Hence, a multicenter study is designed to obtain reference value.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted as a part of the Indian normative data project of the Indian Society for Surgery of the Hand. The study included three participating centers: one from the northern part and two from the southern part. Certified calibrated Jamar dynamometer and Jamar pinch gauge were used to measure the grip strength, key pinch strength, tip pinch strength, and tripod pinch strength as per the guidelines of the American Society of Hand Therapists.

Results A total of 1,019 volunteers in the age group of 18 to 60 years were studied. The mean grip strength in males and females was 38.18 and 24.06 kg, respectively. The mean key pinch strength was 8.52 kg in males and 5.97 kg in females. The mean tip pinch strength was 4.86 kg in males and 3.59 kg in females. The mean tripod pinch strength was 5.41 kg in males and 4.16 kg in females.

Conclusions All four strengths were lower in value when compared with American and other populations. The men had more strength than women. There was no relation to hand dominance. There was a correlation for age and height but no correlation with body mass index (BMI).

Keywords

grip strength - key pinch strength - tip pinch strength - tripod pinch strength - normative data - reference values

Institutional Review Board Approval

Institutional review board clearance was obtained for the study individually at three participating centers where the study was performed and the study protocols conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki.


Authors' Contributions

Su.R. was the Principal Investigator for the project as a whole and for the project in Tamil Nadu, and also contributed to data collection and writing of the manuscript. M.P.G. was the Principal Investigator for the project in Karnataka and contributed to data collection. V.V. was the Principal Investigator for the project in Chandigarh and contributed to data collection. Sr.R. and S.G. provided logistical support and contributed to editing of the manuscript. A.B. contributed to designing the methodology and editing the manuscript, and was the coordinator of the ISSH Normative data project. M.T. was a patron of the ISSH Normative data project and contributed to editing the manuscript.




Publication History

Article published online:
16 August 2024

© 2024. Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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