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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791239
Original Article

Quality of Sleep Profiles and Mental Health Issues among University Students

Zayra Antúnez 
1   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
2   Magíster en Psicología, Dirección de Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
3   Psychologisches Zentrum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
,
Rodrigo C. Vergara 
4   Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
5   Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Macul, Chile
,
Sebastián Rosa
1   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
,
Javiera Zapata
1   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
,
Wilson Espinoza
1   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
,
Natacha Ortiz
1   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
,
Loreto Parra
1   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
,
Jorge Santander 
6   Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
7   ONG Alianza Chilena contra la Depresión y el Suicidio (ACHID), Valdivia, Chile
,
Tomas Baader 
7   ONG Alianza Chilena contra la Depresión y el Suicidio (ACHID), Valdivia, Chile
› Author Affiliations Funding The authors acknowledge support from the National Center for Artificial Intelligence CENIA FB210017, Basal ANID.
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Abstract

Objective To detect and characterize sleep quality profiles and to analyze their relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of 1,861 Chilean students.

Materials and Methods After providing informed consent, the students filled out online questionnaires and received immediate feedback. Hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to detect sleep quality profiles, which were characterized using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate sleep quality profiles with mental health variables. The dendrogram revealed four distinct groups of interest, each with different patterns in the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results The results enabled us to establish four sleep quality profiles based on hierarchical cluster analysis, which were, in different ways, associated with the prevalence of symptoms of mental health issues. A profile of good sleeper was found, which presents good overall sleep quality and mild symptoms of mental health issues. The effective sleeper profile presents poor subjective sleep quality and good sleep efficiency, with mild symptoms of mental health issues. The poor sleeper profile presents poor overall sleep quality, sleeping between 5 and 6 hours and presenting moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The sleeper with hypnotic use profile obtains the most deficient results in sleep quality and presents symptoms of severe mental health issues.

Conclusions The present study revealed a strong association and correlation between sleep quality profiles and mental health issues. Four distinct sleep quality profiles were identified, showing notable differences. This understanding enables the application of targeted preventive strategies according to each profile.

Keywords

sleep quality - mental health - university students - depression - anxiety


Publication History

Received: 18 October 2023

Accepted: 08 August 2024

Article published online:
23 October 2024

© 2024. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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