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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Asian J Neurosurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791713
Review Article

Neuroendoscopy Training

Ketan Hedaoo
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Mallika Sinha
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Bhanu Pratap Singh Chauhan
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Jitin Bajaj
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Shailendra Ratre
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
M.N. Swamy
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Vijay Parihar
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Jitendra Shakya
2   Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Mukesh Sharma
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Jayant Patidar
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Superspeciality Hospital NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
,
Yad Ram Yadav
3   Department of Neurosciences, Apex Hospital and Research Centre Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Abstract

Neuroendoscopy can be learnt by assisting or doing live human surgery, cadaver dissection with or without augmented pulsatile vessel and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perfusion, and practicing on live animal, dead animal model, synthetic models, three-dimensional printing model with or without augmentation with animal, cadaver tissue, pulsatile vessel and reconstructed CSF model, virtual reality (VR) simulator, and hybrid simulators (combined physical model and VR model). Neurosurgery skill laboratory with basic and advanced learning should be there in all teaching hospitals. Skills can be transferred from simulation model or VR to cadaver to live surgery. Staged learning (first with simple model to learn basic endoscopic technique, then animal model, and then augmented cadavers) is the preferred method of learning. Although most surveys favor live surgery and practice on animal models and cadavers as the most preferred training model now, in future VR may also become a favored method of learning. This article is based on our experience in over 10,000 neuroendoscopic surgeries, and feedback from over 950 neuroendoscopic fellows or consultants who attended workshops conducted every 6 monthly since 2010. A literature search was done on PubMed and Google Scholar using (neuroendoscopy) AND (learning), and (neuroendoscopy) AND (training), which resulted in 121 and 213 results, respectively. Out of them, 77 articles were finally selected for this article. Most of the training programs typically focus on microneurosurgical training. There is lack of learning facilities for neuroendoscopy in most centers. Learning of neuroendoscopy differs greatly from microneurosurgery; switching from microneurosurgery to neuroendoscopy can be challenging. Postgraduate training centers should have well-equipped neuroendoscopy skill laboratory and the surgical educational curriculum should include neuroendoscopy training. Learning endoscopy is about taking advantages of the technique and overcoming the limitations of endoscopy by continuous training.

Keywords

cadaver - neuroendoscopy training - physical trainer - simulation model - surgical skills - virtual simulators

Authors' Contributions

K.H., M.S., B.P.S.C., J.B., S.R., M.N.S., V.P., J.S., M.S., J.P., and Y.R.Y. contributed substantially to the conception, design of the work, literature search, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data for the work, drafting the work, and final approval of the version to be published.




Publication History

Article published online:
10 October 2024

© 2024. Asian Congress of Neurological Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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