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DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792093
Optic neuritis in demyelinating diseases: study of 38 cases
Neurite óptica em doenças desmielinizantes: estudo de 38 casos Support The authors declare that they received support from Comitê Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose Múltipla e Doenças Neuroimunológicas (BCTRIMS) to conduct the present study.
Abstract
Background Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve caused by genetic factors, external influences, and the activation of cross-reactive immune responses to infections.
Objective To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting optic neuritis as the initial symptom of some demyelinating diseases, divided among multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG)-associated disorders (MOGADs).
Methods Thirty-eight patients who had optic neuritis as their first symptom and later developed MS, NMOSD, or MOGADs were analyzed.
Results There were thirty-four female patients (90%) and 4 male patients (10%); 23 (60%) were white and 15 (40%) were black. The most frequent definitive diagnosis was MS, with 24 (63%) cases, followed by NMOSD with 12 (32%) cases, and MOGADs with 2 (5%) cases. Regarding age, 9 (24%) were under 20 years old, 19 (50%) were between 20 and 30 years old, 6 (21%) were between 31 and 40 years old, and 2 (5%) were over 41 years old. As for the time to diagnosis, MS required 54 months in the public sector and 12 months in the private sector. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder took 108 months in the private sector and 14.5 months in the public sector, while MOGADs averaged 2 months in the private sector.
Conclusion Patients with optic neuritis as the initial symptom were predominantly female, aged between 21 and 40 years, and of predominantly white ethnicity, with a higher prevalence of MS. Additionally, a direct relationship between the healthcare sector and the time to diagnosis became evident.
Resumo
Antecedentes A neurite óptica é uma inflamação do nervo óptico desencadeada por diversos fatores, incluindo os aspectos genéticos, as influências externas e a ativação de resposta imune cruzada a infecções.
Objetivo Descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes que apresentaram neurite óptica como sintoma inicial de alguma doença desmielinizante, divididas entre esclerose múltipla (EM), distúrbio do espectro da neuromielite óptica (DENMO)e mielina oligodendrócito glicoproteína anticorpo associada à doença (MOGAD).
Métodos Trinta e oito pacientes que tiveram neurite óptica como primeiro sintoma e posteriormente EM, neuromielite óptica ou MOGAD) foram analisados.
Resultados Trinta e quatro pacientes eram do sexo feminino (90%), e 4, do sexo masculino (10%); 23 (60%) eram brancos, e 15 (40%), pretos. O diagnóstico definitivo mais frequente foi EM 24 (63%) casos, seguido DENMO 12 (32%) e MOGAD 2 (5%). Em relação à idade, 9 (24%) possuem idade inferior a 20 anos, 19 (50%) entre 20 e 30 anos, 6 (21%) entre 31 e 40 anos e 2 (5%) idade superior a 41 anos. Quanto ao tempo para diagnóstico, a EM necessitou de 54 meses no sistema público e no privado 12 meses, a DENMO 108 meses no setor privado e 14,5 meses no sistema público e a MOGAD levou uma média de 2 meses no setor privado.
Conclusão Conclui-se que pacientes que apresentaram neurite óptica como sintoma inicial são do sexo feminino, na faixa etária entre 21 e 40 anos, de etnia predominantemente branca, e tiveram maior prevalência de EM. Além disso, ficou clara a relação direta do setor de saúde com o tempo para o diagnóstico.
Authors' Contributions
JMCF: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, and writing – original draft; CRGSF: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, and writing – original draft; CVFR: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, supervision, and writing – review & editing; OJMN: project administration, supervision, and writing – review & editing.
Publication History
Received: 28 November 2023
Accepted: 25 August 2024
Article published online:
15 December 2024
© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil
João Marcos Campos Ferreira, Cristiane Rebello Gomes de Souza Fontes, Carolina do Val Ferreira Ramos, Osvaldo J. M. Nascimento. Optic neuritis in demyelinating diseases: study of 38 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2024; 82: s00441792093.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1792093
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