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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 2024; 43(04): e296-e307
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1796653
Review Article

Cellular Regulation and Oncogenesis of Primary Tumors in the Central Nervous System

Regulação celular e oncogênese de tumores primários no sistema nervoso central
Leonnardo Altoé Miranda Lemos 
1   Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário Campo Real, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
,
Caroline Stadler 
2   Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
,
Izabelly Constantinov Lemos 
1   Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário Campo Real, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
,
Junio Pereira Pardins 
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital São Vicente de Paulo, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
,
Victoria Beatriz Podolan Sauka 
2   Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
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Abstract

The World Health Organization's system for classifying and grading primary tumors of the Central Nervous System conjectures the clinical-biological course of the oncogenic process based on morphological, genetic, histological, and immunohistochemical parameters. These principles are fundamental for a progression in the classification of these tumors, to guarantee the promotion of a more precise diagnosis. In this sense, it is important to understand the process of oncotic cell formation, which is the result of mutations in intra and extracellular control pathways. In this way, genes that act to induce the cell cycle, under normal conditions, when mutated, can result in a dysregulation of the progress of the cycle, causing alterations in the control factors and, consequently, phenotypic transformations in the cell. Thus, to understand the role of genes in modulating primary tumors in the Central Nervous System, mutations in the genes most prevalently related to Gliomas, Meningiomas, and Medulloblastomas were addressed highlighting their influences on the development of these tumors.

Resumo

O sistema de classificação e graduação dos tumores primários do Sistema Nervoso Central da Organização Mundial da Saúde conjectura os cursos clínico-biológicos do processo oncogênico com base em parâmetros morfológicos, genéticos, histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos. Tais princípios são fundamentais para uma progressão na classificação desses tumores, a fim de garantir a promoção de um diagnóstico mais preciso. Nesse sentido, mostra-se relevante o entendimento do processo de formação de uma célula oncótica, resultado de mutações em vias de controle intra e extracelular. Dessa forma, genes que em condições normais atuam induzindo o ciclo celular, quando sofrem mutações, podem resultar em uma desregulação do progresso do ciclo, causando alterações nos fatores de controle e, consequentemente, transformações fenotípicas na célula. Assim, para o entendimento da atuação dos genes na modulação de tumores primários no Sistema Nervoso Central, foram abordadas as mutações nos genes mais prevalentes relacionados com Gliomas, Meningiomas e Meduloblastomas, destacando as suas influências no desenvolvimento desses tumores.

Keywords

Carcinogenesis - cell cycle - phenotype - genes - central nervous system neoplasms

Palavras-chave

Carcinogênese - ciclo celular - fenótipo - genes - neoplasias do sistema nervoso central


Publication History

Received: 28 February 2024

Accepted: 18 October 2024

Article published online:
11 December 2024

© 2024. Sociedade Brasileira de Neurocirurgia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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