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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1800785
Original Article

Circadian Phase Assessment of Core Body Temperature Using a Wearable Temperature Sensor Under the Real World

Naoko Kubota 
1   Laboratory of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Education and Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2   Department of Nursing, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
,
Kazufumi Okada
3   Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
,
Yujiro Yamanaka 
1   Laboratory of Life & Health Sciences, Graduate School of Education and Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
4   Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
› Author Affiliations Funding Source This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant No. 19H03993, and 23K10347.
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Abstract

Objective To evaluate whether a patch-type wearable temperature sensor (CALERA Research) could determine the circadian phase of core body temperature (CBT) in a manner like a rectal probe.

Materials and Methods Sixteen participants (27 ± 11 years, 8 males and 8 females) wore an actigraph and CALERA Research sensor on the chest region for 3–5 days in a real-world setting. Simultaneous rectal temperature measurements were performed during the nocturnal sleep period. The midpoints of the nocturnal decrease in CBT (CBTtrough) were used as the circadian phase marker. We analyzed 60 pairs of CBTtrough. The reliability and agreement of the CBTtrough from the two devices were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). The Bland-Altman analysis was used to quantify the limit of agreement of CBTtrough between the devices.

Results The ICC of 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93–0.98) and CCC of 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93–0.97) values indicated excellent reliability and substantial agreement, respectively. The mean bias was 0.16 hours (95%LoA: -0.76–1.07 hours). The mean CBTtrough comparison was 5.9 ± 1.6 hours in the CALERA Research sensor and 5.8 ± 1.7 hours in the rectal probe.

Conclusion The difference in the CBTtrough between the two devices was about ± 1.0 hour which would be an acceptable range for determining the CBTtrough. We suggest that the CALERA Research sensor could be a useful tool for reasonably estimating the circadian phase of CBTtrough and providing a surrogate for a rectal probe.

Keywords

circadian rhythm - sleep - rectal temperature - patch-type sensor


Publication History

Received: 29 August 2024

Accepted: 11 November 2024

Article published online:
30 January 2025

© 2025. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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