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CC BY 4.0 · World J Nucl Med 2025; 24(02): 169-172
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1800837
Case Report

A Case Report of Neuroleukemiosis Detected on FDG PET Scan in a Patient of Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia Post Bone Marrow Transplantation in Remission

Autoren

  • Ramya Soundararajan

    1   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India

  • Archana Yadav

    1   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India

  • Anil Kumar AVS

    1   Department of Nuclear Medicine, Army Hosp Research and Referral, New Delhi, India

  • Hemlata Jangir

    2   Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract

Neuroleukemiosis, an exceedingly rare manifestation of leukemia, is defined as peripheral nerve infiltration by leukemic cells. The typical clinical presentation is with peripheral neuropathy and/or chloromatous masses. The diagnosis of this condition is quite challenging, as symptoms usually appear in patients during remission and there are no other signs of relapse. The diagnosis is supported with electrophysiologic testing and imaging and finally established with histopathology and immunophenotyping. We present a case of multineuritis in a patient with mixed phenotype acute leukemia during remission post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, where inflamed thickened nerves were detected on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. A diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis was established via biopsy and immunophenotyping. The literature is reviewed regarding this interesting and rare clinical condition.

Keywords

18F-FDG PET/CT - peripheral nerve - acute leukemia - extramedullary - neuroleukemiosis

Authors' Contributions

R.S. contributed to the preparation of the report. A.Y. contributed to the preparation of the case report and diagnosing. A.K.A.V.S. contributed to diagnosing the case, conceiving the idea, and preparation of the report. H.J. contributed to the biopsy and preparation of the case report.




Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
05. Dezember 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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