Approximately 6% of the global population has gallstones. Acute cholecystitis affects
approximately 200,000 individuals annually in the United States. Laparoscopic or open
cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment, but many patients are ineligible due
to comorbidities. For these high-risk patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy is a
temporary alternative; however long-term use in patients with continued contraindications
to surgery affects quality of life and has a high complication rate. Percutaneous
cholecystoscopic lithotripsy/lithectomy has emerged as a viable alternative for managing
these patients. Recent advancements in endoscopic and lithotripsy devices have enhanced
outcomes. This review will discuss the technical aspects and outcomes of percutaneous
gallstone lithotripsy/lithectomy (in the gallbladder and bile ducts).
Keywords
percutaneous lithectomy - percutaneous lithotripsy - percutaneous cholecystoscopy
- acute calculous cholecystitis - gallbladder disease
