Download PDF
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1801303
Original Article

Comparison of Vertical Marginal Discrepancy in High and Low Translucent Monolithic Zirconia Crowns in Repeated Firing Cycles

Mehrzad Moazzam
1   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
,
Amirhossein Fathi
2   Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
,
Mahsa Ghorbani
3   Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
,
Ramin Mosharraf
2   Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
› Author Affiliations Funding The authors would like to thank the Vice-Chancellery of Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences for supporting this research (Research #3401243).
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective Increase in vertical marginal discrepancy (VMD) during repeated firing cycles and its clinical outcomes is a major concern for high and low translucent monolithic zirconia crowns. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare VMD in high and low translucent monolithic zirconia crowns in repeated firing cycles.

Material and Methods To perform this study, 10 monolithic zirconia crowns made by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing method were used in two groups of five with high and low translucency, which were designed on Zimmer tissue-level implant abutment. The crowns in each group were randomly numbered from 1 to 5 and each underwent 1, 3, and 5 firing cycles. After completing each mentioned cycle, the VMD was measured at eight predetermined points on abutment by optical microscope and their average was recorded for each sample. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22 software through repeated-measure analysis of variance, paired t-test, and t-test with a 5% significance threshold.

Results A total of 240 measurements were made for the VMD, which, due to the presence of five samples in each translucency group and eight examined points in each sample, was finally summed up to six averages for each translucency group in the mentioned three stages of firing cycles. The averages for the low-translucency group after 1, 3, and 5 firing cycles were 76.86, 85.02, and 90.55 μm, respectively, and for the high-translucency group after 1, 3, and 5 firing cycles were 80.38, 87.33, and 97.78 μm, respectively. The average VMD of the samples regardless of the translucency level after 1, 3 and 5 firing cycles was calculated as 78.62, 86.18, and 94.16 μm, respectively.

Conclusion This study found that VMD increased with repeated firing cycles, with no significant difference between high- and low-translucency zirconia crowns. Repeated firings significantly raised VMD, but all values remained within clinically acceptable limits, supporting the suitability of both translucency types for clinical use.

Keywords

vertical marginal discrepancy - zirconium - dental implants - dental materials - implant abutments


Publication History

Article published online:
12 March 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Rekow ED, Silva NR, Coelho PG, Zhang Y, Guess P, Thompson VP. Performance of dental ceramics: challenges for improvements. J Dent Res 2011; 90 (08) 937-952
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Tang Z, Zhao X, Wang H, Liu B. Clinical evaluation of monolithic zirconia crowns for posterior teeth restorations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98 (40) e17385
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Zhang Y, Lee JJ, Srikanth R, Lawn BR. Edge chipping and flexural resistance of monolithic ceramics. Dent Mater 2013; 29 (12) 1201-1208
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Meirowitz A, Bitterman Y, Levy S, Mijiritsky E, Dolev E. An in vitro evaluation of marginal fit zirconia crowns fabricated by a CAD-CAM dental laboratory and a milling center. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19 (01) 103
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Candido LM, Miotto LN, Fais L, Cesar PF, Pinelli L. Mechanical and surface properties of monolithic zirconia. Oper Dent 2018; 43 (03) E119-E128
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Lucas TJ, Lawson NC, Janowski GM, Burgess JO. Effect of grain size on the monoclinic transformation, hardness, roughness, and modulus of aged partially stabilized zirconia. Dent Mater 2015; 31 (12) 1487-1492
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Kontonasaki E, Rigos AE, Ilia C, Istantsos T. Monolithic zirconia: an update to current knowledge. Optical properties, wear, and clinical performance. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7 (03) 90
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Ahmed WM, Abdallah MN, McCullagh AP, Wyatt CCL, Troczynski T, Carvalho RM. Marginal discrepancies of monolithic zirconia crowns: the influence of preparation designs and sintering techniques. J Prosthodont 2019; 28 (03) 288-298
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Pereira GKR, Guilardi LF, Dapieve KS, Kleverlaan CJ, Rippe MP, Valandro LF. Mechanical reliability, fatigue strength and survival analysis of new polycrystalline translucent zirconia ceramics for monolithic restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 85: 57-65
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Yüksel E, Zaimoğlu A. Influence of marginal fit and cement types on microleakage of all-ceramic crown systems. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25 (03) 261-266
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Suárez MJ, González de Villaumbrosia P, Pradíes G, Lozano JF. Comparison of the marginal fit of Procera AllCeram crowns with two finish lines. Int J Prosthodont 2003; 16 (03) 229-232
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Coli P, Karlsson S. Fit of a new pressure-sintered zirconium dioxide coping. Int J Prosthodont 2004; 17 (01) 59-64
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Boitelle P, Mawussi B, Tapie L, Fromentin O. A systematic review of CAD/CAM fit restoration evaluations. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 41 (11) 853-874
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 ArRejaie A, Alalawi H, Al-Harbi FA, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM. Internal fit and marginal gap evaluation of zirconia copings using microcomputed tomography: an in vitro analysis. Int J Periodont Restor Dent 2018; 38 (06) 857-863
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Saab RC, da Cunha LF, Gonzaga CC, Mushashe AM, Correr GM. Micro-CT analysis of Y-TZP copings made by different CAD/CAM systems: marginal and internal fit. Int J Dent 2018; 2018: 5189767
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Carbajal Mejía JB, Yatani H, Wakabayashi K, Nakamura T. Marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM crowns fabricated over reverse tapered preparations. J Prosthodont 2019; 28 (02) e477-e484
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Ghodsi S, Jafarian Z. A review on translucent zirconia. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2018; 26 (02) 62-74
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Mohaghegh M, Firouzmandi M, Ansarifard E, Ramazani L. Marginal fit of full contour monolithic zirconia in different thicknesses and layered zirconia crowns. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10 (05) 652-658
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Stawarczyk B, Keul C, Eichberger M, Figge D, Edelhoff D, Lümkemann N. Three generations of zirconia: from veneered to monolithic. Part I. Quintessence Int 2017; 48 (05) 369-380
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Baig MR, Tan KB, Nicholls JI. Evaluation of the marginal fit of a zirconia ceramic computer-aided machined (CAM) crown system. J Prosthet Dent 2010; 104 (04) 216-227
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 Hamza TA, Sherif RM. In vitro evaluation of marginal discrepancy of monolithic zirconia restorations fabricated with different CAD-CAM systems. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 117 (06) 762-766
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 22 Freire Y, Gonzalo E, Lopez-Suarez C, Suarez MJ. The marginal fit of CAD/CAM monolithic ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns. J Prosthodont 2019; 28 (03) 299-304
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Sadeqi HA, Baig MR, Al-Shammari M. Evaluation of marginal/internal fit and fracture load of monolithic zirconia and zirconia lithium silicate (ZLS) CAD/CAM crown systems. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14 (21) 6346
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Balkaya MC, Cinar A, Pamuk S. Influence of firing cycles on the margin distortion of 3 all-ceramic crown systems. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 93 (04) 346-355
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Baig MR, Al-Tarakemah Y, Kasim NHA, Omar R. Evaluation of the marginal fit of a CAD/CAM zirconia-based ceramic crown system. Int J Prosthodont 2022; 35 (03) 319-329
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Cunali RS, Saab RC, Correr GM. et al. Marginal and internal adaptation of zirconia crowns: a comparative study of assessment methods. Braz Dent J 2017; 28 (04) 467-473
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Kale E, Cilli M, Özçelik TB, Yilmaz B. Marginal fit of CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated by using cone beam computed tomography scans. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123 (05) 731-737
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 McLean JW, von Fraunhofer JA. The estimation of cement film thickness by an in vivo technique. Br Dent J 1971; 131 (03) 107-111
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Holmes JR, Bayne SC, Holland GA, Sulik WD. Considerations in measurement of marginal fit. J Prosthet Dent 1989; 62 (04) 405-408
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 30 Ng J, Ruse D, Wyatt C. A comparison of the marginal fit of crowns fabricated with digital and conventional methods. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112 (03) 555-560
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Abduo J, Lyons K, Swain M. Fit of zirconia fixed partial denture: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37 (11) 866-876
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Nawafleh NA, Mack F, Evans J, Mackay J, Hatamleh MM. Accuracy and reliability of methods to measure marginal adaptation of crowns and FDPs: a literature review. J Prosthodont 2013; 22 (05) 419-428
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Quintas AF, Oliveira F, Bottino MA. Vertical marginal discrepancy of ceramic copings with different ceramic materials, finish lines, and luting agents: an in vitro evaluation. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92 (03) 250-257
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Ortega R, Gonzalo E, Gomez-Polo M, Lopez-Suarez C, Suarez MJ. SEM evaluation of the precision of fit of CAD/CAM zirconia and metal-ceramic posterior crowns. Dent Mater J 2017; 36 (04) 387-393
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Christensen GJ. Marginal fit of gold inlay castings. J Prosthet Dent 1966; 16 (02) 297-305
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Lofstrom LH, Barakat MM. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of clinically cemented cast gold restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1989; 61 (06) 664-669
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Beschnidt SM, Strub JR. Evaluation of the marginal accuracy of different all-ceramic crown systems after simulation in the artificial mouth. J Oral Rehabil 1999; 26 (07) 582-593
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Hamza TA, Ezzat HA, El-Hossary MM, Katamish HA, Shokry TE, Rosenstiel SF. Accuracy of ceramic restorations made with two CAD/CAM systems. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 109 (02) 83-87
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Jalalian E, Bagheri MR, Masoumi S. Effect of core thickness and porcelain sintering on marginal adaptation. J Res Dental Maxillofacial Sci 2018; 3: 1-6
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Lawn BR, Pajares A, Zhang Y. et al. Materials design in the performance of all-ceramic crowns. Biomaterials 2004; 25 (14) 2885-2892
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Rinke S, Hüls A, Jahn L. Marginal accuracy and fracture strength of conventional and copy-milled all-ceramic crowns. Int J Prosthodont 1995; 8 (04) 303-310
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Shillingburg Jr HT, Hobo S, Fisher DW. Preparation design and margin distortion in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1973; 29 (03) 276-284
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Miyazaki T, Hotta Y, Kunii J, Kuriyama S, Tamaki Y. A review of dental CAD/CAM: current status and future perspectives from 20 years of experience. Dent Mater J 2009; 28 (01) 44-56
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Contrepois M, Soenen A, Bartala M, Laviole O. Marginal adaptation of ceramic crowns: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 110 (06) 447-454.e10
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 45 Hung SH, Hung KS, Eick JD, Chappell RP. Marginal fit of porcelain-fused-to-metal and two types of ceramic crown. J Prosthet Dent 1990; 63 (01) 26-31
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 46 Groten M, Axmann D, Pröbster L, Weber H. Determination of the minimum number of marginal gap measurements required for practical in-vitro testing. J Prosthet Dent 2000; 83 (01) 40-49
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 47 Chan C, Haraszthy G, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Weber H, Huettemann H. Scanning electron microscopic studies of the marginal fit of three esthetic crowns. Quintessence Int 1989; 20 (03) 189-193
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 48 Cho S-H, Nagy WW, Goodman JT, Solomon E, Koike M. The effect of multiple firings on the marginal integrity of pressable ceramic single crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 107 (01) 17-23
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 49 Vigolo P, Fonzi F. An in vitro evaluation of fit of zirconium-oxide-based ceramic four-unit fixed partial dentures, generated with three different CAD/CAM systems, before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles. J Prosthodont 2008; 17 (08) 621-626
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar