Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1801381
Management of Malignant Colon Polyps
Funding None.

Abstract
Surgically resected stage I colon cancer results in the best possible prognosis for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. However, there remains some debate about whether formal oncologic resection is necessary for the earliest of tumors—those detected in a polyp. To best understand whether an oncologic resection is “avoidable” in select cases of patients with a malignant polyp, it is necessary to review the contemporary evidence on endoscopic techniques, risks of lymph node metastasis, and nuances of the decision-making between oncologic resection and surveillance.
Keywords
colon cancer - colon polyp - polypectomy - endoscopic mucosal resection - endoscopic mucosal dissectionPublication History
Article published online:
23 January 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA
-
References
- 1 Odom SR, Duffy SD, Barone JE, Ghevariya V, McClane SJ. The rate of adenocarcinoma in endoscopically removed colorectal polyps. Am Surg 2005; 71 (12) 1024-1026
- 2 Bujanda L, Cosme A, Gil I, Arenas-Mirave JI. Malignant colorectal polyps. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16 (25) 3103-3111
- 3 Vogel JD, Felder SI, Bhama AR. et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Colon Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65 (02) 148-177
- 4 Murakami T, Sakamoto N, Nagahara A. Endoscopic diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma/polyp with and without dysplasia/carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24 (29) 3250-3259
- 5 Abu Dayyeh BK, Thosani N, Konda V. et al; ASGE Technology Committee. ASGE Technology Committee systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the ASGE PIVI thresholds for adopting real-time endoscopic assessment of the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 81 (03) 502.e1-502.e16
- 6 Paris Workshop P. The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach, and colon Participants in the Paris Workshop. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58(06):
- 7 Amersi F, Agustin M, Ko CY. Colorectal cancer: epidemiology, risk factors, and health services. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2005; 18 (03) 133-140
- 8 Cottet V, Jooste V, Fournel I, Bouvier AM, Faivre J, Bonithon-Kopp C. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal: a population-based cohort study. Gut 2012; 61 (08) 1180-1186
- 9 Meester RGS, van Herk MMAGC, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Ladabaum U. Prevalence and clinical features of sessile serrated polyps: a systematic review. Gastroenterology 2020; 159 (01) 105-118.e25
- 10 Gordon SR, Eichenwald LS, Systrom HK. Endoscopic techniques for management of large colorectal polyps, strictures and leaks. Surg Open Sci 2024; 20: 156-168
- 11 Moss A, Williams SJ, Hourigan LF. et al. Long-term adenoma recurrence following wide-field endoscopic mucosal resection (WF-EMR) for advanced colonic mucosal neoplasia is infrequent: results and risk factors in 1000 cases from the Australian Colonic EMR (ACE) study. Gut 2015; 64 (01) 57-65
- 12 Hassan C, Repici A, Sharma P. et al. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection of large colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2016; 65 (05) 806-820
- 13 Shahini E, Passera R, Lo Secco G, Arezzo A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic mucosal resection vs endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal sessile/non-polypoid lesions. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 2022; 31 (06) 835-847
- 14 Meier B, Stritzke B, Kuellmer A. et al. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic full-thickness resection in the colorectum: results from the German Colonic FTRD Registry. Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115 (12) 1998-2006
- 15 Zwager LW, Bastiaansen BAJ, van der Spek BW. et al; Dutch eFTR Group. Endoscopic full-thickness resection of T1 colorectal cancers: a retrospective analysis from a multicenter Dutch eFTR registry. Endoscopy 2022; 54 (05) 475-485
- 16 Volk EE, Goldblum JR, Petras RE, Carey WD, Fazio VW. Management and outcome of patients with invasive carcinoma arising in colorectal polyps. Gastroenterology 1995; 109 (06) 1801-1807
- 17 Richards CH, Ventham NT, Mansouri D. et al; Scottish Surgical Research Group. An evidence-based treatment algorithm for colorectal polyp cancers: results from the Scottish Screen-detected Polyp Cancer Study (SSPoCS). Gut 2018; 67 (02) 299-306
- 18 Gill MD, Rutter MD, Holtham SJ. Management and short-term outcome of malignant colorectal polyps in the north of England(1). Colorectal Dis 2013; 15 (02) 169-176
- 19 Naqvi S, Burroughs S, Chave HS, Branagan G. Management of colorectal polyp cancers. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012; 94 (08) 574-578
- 20 Nascimbeni R, Burgart LJ, Nivatvongs S, Larson DR. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45 (02) 200-206
- 21 Bosch SL, Teerenstra S, de Wilt JH, Cunningham C, Nagtegaal ID. Predicting lymph node metastasis in pT1 colorectal cancer: a systematic review of risk factors providing rationale for therapy decisions. Endoscopy 2013; 45 (10) 827-834
- 22 Haggitt RC, Glotzbach RE, Soffer EE, Wruble LD. Prognostic factors in colorectal carcinomas arising in adenomas: implications for lesions removed by endoscopic polypectomy. Gastroenterology 1985; 89 (02) 328-336
- 23 Thoguluva Chandrasekar V, Aziz M, Patel HK. et al. Efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection of sessile serrated polyps 10 mm or larger: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18 (11) 2448-2455.e3
- 24 Benson AB, Venook AP, Al-Hawary MM. et al. Colon cancer, version 2.2021, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19 (03) 329-359
- 25 Kaltenbach T, Anderson JC, Burke CA. et al. Endoscopic removal of colorectal lesions-recommendations by the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2020; 158 (04) 1095-1129
- 26 Park JH, Yoon JY, Hwang SW. et al. A surveillance endoscopy strategy based on local recurrence rates after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. J Clin Med 2021; 10 (19) 4591
- 27 Dang H, Dekkers N, le Cessie S. et al. Risk and time pattern of recurrences after local endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20 (02) e298-e314