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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal 2024; 05(01/02): 008-017
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1802332
Original Article

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Impacts Salivary and Serum Bone Turnover Markers in Periodontitis

Faraha Javed
1   Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College (DRZADC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Afaf Zia 
2   Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, DRZADC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Asad Ullah Khan
3   Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Afsha Bey
2   Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, DRZADC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Seema Hakim
4   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JNMCH), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Hira Ateeq
5   Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Faiz Noor Khan Yusufi
6   Department of Statistics and Operations, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Nasir Salati
7   Department of Oral & Dental Pathology & Microbiology, DRZADC, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
› Author Affiliations Funding Support provided by Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India. (ECR2016/001632).
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Abstract

Objectives To assess nonsurgical periodontal therapy's (NSPT's) effect on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in periodontitis patients and compare the efficacy of saliva and serum samples in evaluating periodontal health.

Materials and Methods Sixty-five females aged 18 to 45 years were divided into control (n = 20) and test (n = 45) groups. Periodontitis patients underwent NSPT. Full mouth clinical periodontal parameters and salivary/serum BTMs (C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen [CTX], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BALP], osteoprotegerin [OPG]) were recorded at baseline, 3 weeks, and 3 months post-NSPT.

Statistical Analysis The study measured test group readings at three points: baseline, 3 weeks, and 3 months after NSPT. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, showing a nonnormal distribution (p < 0.05). To test for significance among groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. The Friedman test, along with pairwise comparisons, was used to compare test group readings across time points. A 5% significance level was maintained. Pearson correlation measured relationships between the control and test groups and within the test group at different intervals. Multiple linear regression was conducted across time points, with plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) set as dependent variables, and salivary and serum BALP, CTX, and OPG as independent variables. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 20 and R version 3.5.2.

Results Following NSPT, significant changes were observed in all measured salivary/serum BTMs except serum BALP (p > 0.05). No significant differences noted between BTM measurements taken at 3 weeks and 3 months post-NSPT (p > 0.05). Correlations between BTMs and periodontal measurements were weak to moderate after NSPT. A multiple linear regression model explained 46.7% of the total variability for PI, 50.1% for PPD, 54.1% for CAL, and 29.3% for GI signifying association with BTMs among groups.

Conclusion NSPT results in significant changes in salivary/serum BTMs. Following NSPT, BTMs show associations with periodontal parameters, highlighting modulation of host responses. BTMs in salivary/serum samples effectively reflected periodontal health and disease status and improvements after therapy.

Keywords

bone turnover markers - periodontal disease - nonsurgical periodontal therapy - saliva - serum

Registration Information

The trial is registered with the Indian Clinical Trials Registry (CTRI/2019/09/021214).


Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate

Institutional Ethics Committee: JNMCH (330/FM/IEC). Written informed consent was obtained from study participants.




Publication History

Article published online:
07 February 2025

© 2025. European Dental Research and Biomaterials Journal. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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