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CC BY 4.0 · Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2025; 17(01): 004-012
DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1805026
Review Article

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors as a Dual Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular and Renal Health: A Narrative Review

Sulthan Al Rashid
1   Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Inamul Hasan Madar
2   Center for Global Health Research, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Iffath Misbah
2   Center for Global Health Research, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Kamalakannan Dhanabalan
3   Department of Pharmacy, Excel College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Rajkapoor Balasubramanian 
4   Department of Pharmacology, J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
,
Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen
5   Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
6   Department of Pharmacology, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
› Institutsangaben Funding and Sponsorship None.
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Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a groundbreaking class of oral antihyperglycemic agents for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), offering dual benefits in glycemic control and cardiovascular protection. These agents work by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to glucose excretion through urine and effectively lowering blood glucose levels. Beyond their glycemic control capabilities, SGLT2 inhibitors also reduce sodium reabsorption, contributing to blood pressure reduction through natriuresis and diuresis. Remarkably, their benefits extend to renal outcomes, showing significant improvements in patients with diabetic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease, even without diabetes. The nephroprotective mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors are multifaceted, including the reduction of glomerular hyperfiltration, alleviation of intraglomerular pressure, and attenuation of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways in the kidneys. This comprehensive review illustrates the diverse functions of SGLT2 inhibitors, emphasizing their significant influence on the management of T2DM and their increasing importance in the treatment of renal diseases. These inhibitors have become an integral part of the current therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its associated complications.

Keywords

SGLT2 inhibitors - canagliflozin - dapagliflozin - empagliflozin - ertugliflozin - type 2 diabetes - renoprotection


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
03. März 2025

© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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