Download PDF
Synthesis 1973; 1973(2): 85-103
DOI: 10.1055/s-1973-22137
review
© Georg Thieme Verlag, Rüdigerstr. 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany. All rights reserved. This journal, including all individual contributions and illustrations published therein, is legally protected by copyright for the duration of the copyright period. Any use, exploitation or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher's consent, is illegal and liable to criminal prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, cyclostyling, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage.

The Synthesis of [2.2]Phanes

Fritz VÖGTLE* , Peter NEUMANN
  • *Institut für organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, D-87 Würzburg, Landwehr
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 September 2002 (online)

  PDF Download  Permissions and Reprints All articles of this category

Methods for the synthesis of a characteristic selection of ortho-, meta-, and para-bridged [2.2]phanes and their heterocyclic analogues are reviewed. 1. Synthesis of [2.2]Phanes by Bridge Formation 1.1. Formation of C-C Bonds 1.1.1. Wurtz Reaction 1.1.2. C-C Coupling through Nucleophilic Acylation with 2-Lithio-1,3-dithiane 1.1.3. C-C Coupling via Phosphonium Ylids 1.1.4. [2.2]Phanes from Elimination Reactions 1.1.5. [2.2]Phanes by Ring Contraction of Other Phanes 1.2. [2.2]Phanes from Rearrangement Reactions 1.3. Formation of C-X Bonds 2. Preparation of [2.2]Phanes from Other Cyclic Compounds with Formation of the Aromatic or Heteroaromatic Rings 2.1. Heterophanes from Paal-Knorr and Related Reactions 2.2. Carbophanes from Diels-Alder Reactions with Benzynes 3. Conclusions