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Synthesis 1985; 1985(11): 1028-1042
DOI: 10.1055/s-1985-31422
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Synthesis of 2-Pyrazolines and 3,5-Pyrazolidinediones

N. R. El-Rayyes* , N. A. Al-Awadi
  • *Department of Chemistry, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 5969, Kuwait
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Publication History

Publication Date:
27 September 2002 (online)

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Methods for the synthesis of 2-pyrazolines (4,5-dihydropyrazoles) and 3,5-pyrazolidinediones (3,5-dioxotetrahydropyrazoles) are reviewed. These compounds have found wide use in the chemical, textile and pharmaceutical industries. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of 2-Pyrazolines 2.1. Hydrazine-Based Reactions 2.2. Cyclization Reactions 2.3. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions 2.4. Miscellaneous Pyrazoline Syntheses 3. Synthesis of 3,5-Pyrazolidinediones 3.1. Reaction of Malonic Acids or their Derivatives with Hydrazines 3.2. Reaction of Carbon Suboxide with Hydrazines 3.3. Oxidation of Malonic Acid Amides 3.4. Cyclization Reactions 3.5. Miscellaneous Syntheses