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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-10048
J.A.Barth Verlag in Medizinverlage Heidelberg GmbH & Co.KG
Die Rolle von immunhistochemisch detektierbaren Tumorzellen in Lymphknoten
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)
The significance of immunohistochemically detectable tumor cells in lymph nodes
Summary
Distant metastasis is mainly determined by the tumor biology, whereas local relapse after complete (R0) resection of solid tumors is largely determined by the effectiveness of the surgeon. The detection of a minimal tumor cell spread in lymph nodes became recently possible by the introduction of sensitive immunohistochemical and molecular methods and is increasingly considered as clinically relevant because of its independent prognostic significance. Furthermore, these tumor cells, compared to solid metastases, are appropriate targets for intravenously applied anti-cancer therapeutics because they are easily accessible for macromolecules and immunologic effector cells. Double staining analyses have demonstrated that the majority of these tumor cells stay in a non proliferating phase of the cell cycle. This phenomenon could be an explanation for the extended latency period (“dormancy”) between their primary diagnosis and the occurrence of a subsequent metastatic relapse, and it may furthermore explain the failure of anti-proliferative chemotherapy. Consequently, adjuvant therapeutic strategies, which are directed also against these “dormant” tumor cells are of increasing importance after radical local tumor resection (R0).
Zusammenfassung
Die Inzidenz von Lokalrezidiven nach R0-Resektion solider Tumoren wird weitgehend von der lokalen Radikalität des chirurgischen Eingriffs bestimmt, während die Fernmetastasierung von der Biologie des Tumors abhängig ist. Sensitive immunhistochemische und molekulare Methoden haben in letzter Zeit den Nachweis einer minimalen Tumorzelldissemination in histopathologisch als tumorfrei bewerteten Lymphknoten möglich gemacht. Dieser Tumorzellnachweis hat sich in einer Vielzahl von Studien als klinisch relevanter und vom Tumorstadium unabhängiger Prognosefaktor erwiesen. Desweiteren scheinen isolierte disseminierte Tumorzellen im Hinblick auf neue Therapieoptionen im Gegensatz zu soliden Metastasen geeignetere Ziele für intravenös appplizierte Therapeutika, wie z. B. monoklonale Antikörper zu sein. Dies beruht wahrscheinlich auf einer besseren Zugänglichkeit für Makromoleküle und immunkompetente Effektorzellen. Die Mehrzahl dieser Tumorzellen scheint sich in der Ruhephase des Zellzyklus zu befinden (G0-Phase). Dadurch könnte einerseits die beschränkte Wirkung einer adjuvanten antiproliferativen Chemotherapie erklärt werden, zum anderen könnte hierin die Ursache für die z. T. ausgedehnte Latenzphase („dormancy”) bis zur Entwicklung einer Fernmetastasierung liegen. Für einen adjuvanten Therapieansatz nach lokaler Tumorfreiheit (R0) scheinen daher insbesondere Therapiestrategien geeignet zu sein, die sich auch gegen nicht proliferierende Tumorzellen richten.
Key words
Minimal residual disease - minimal lymphatic tumor cell dissemination - prognosis - epithelial tumors
Schlüsselwörter
Minimale residuale Tumorerkrankung - minimale lymphatische Tumorzelldissemination - Prognose - epitheliale Tumoren
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Prof. Dr. J. R. Izbicki
Chirurgische Klinik und PoliklinikAbteilung für AllgemeinchirurgieUniversitätsklinikum Eppendorf
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