Zusammenfassung
In dieser Arbeit stellen wir ein allogenes Extremitätentransplantationsmodell der
Ratte mit der Möglichkeit zur intravitalen Mikroskopie vor. Hierbei wird das etablierte
Ratten-Cremaster-Modell mit der Transplantation einer hinteren Extremität kombiniert.
Der M. cremaster fungiert als mikrozirkulatorischer Monitor, indem die Transplantatabstoßung
intravital durch Messung der Muskelperfusion evaluiert wird. Die Spendertiere sind
männliche Lewis-Brown-Norway-Ratten und die Empfänger Lewis-Ratten. Der rechte M.
cremaster der Spendertiere wird als tubulärer Insellappen isoliert und in einem subkutanen
Kanal der hinteren Extremität präserviert. Nachfolgend wird die Extremität auf mittlerer
Höhe der Vasa iliaca communia abgesetzt und auf Höhe der Vasa iliaca externa auf den
Empfänger transplantiert. Über einen Zeitraum von fünf Tagen zeigen die in den Transplantaten
enthaltenen Mm. cremasteri eine für intravital mikroskopische Untersuchungen ausreichende
Gewebequalität. Das vorgestellte Transplantationsmodell ermöglicht die intravitale
Beurteilung der Transplantatabstoßung auf mikrozirkulatorischer Ebene.
Summary
A rat model for monitoring allograft rejection of transplanted rat hindlimbs at the
microcirculatory level is described. The well-established rat cremaster flap model
is combined with a rat hindlimb transplantation procedure at a level proximal to the
neurovascular pedicle of the cremaster muscle. The cremaster serves as a microcirculatory
monitor for in vivo evaluation of graft rejection by measuring skeletal muscle perfusion.
Donor animals are male Lewis Brown Norway rats and recipients are Lewis rats. The
right cremaster muscle of the donor animal is dissected as a tubular island flap and
preserved in a subcutaneous tunnel in the hindlimb. Afterwards, the right hindlimb
including the cremaster is amputated at the mid level of the common iliac vessels
and transplanted to the recipient at the level of the external iliac vessels. Over
a time period of five days, the cremaster muscle of the composite transplants showed
appropriate tissue quality for intravital microscopical observations. This transplantation
model allows evaluation of allograft rejection in vivo at the microcirculatory level.
Schlüsselwörter
Transplantationschirurgie - intravitale Mikroskopie - Ratten-Cremaster-Modell
Key words
Transplantation surgery - intravital microscopy - rat cremaster muscle flap model
Literatur
1
Acland R D, Anderson G, Siemionow M, McCabe S.
Direct in vivo observations of embolic events in the microcirculation distal to small-vessel
anastomosis.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1989;
84
280-288
2
Akimitsu T, Gute D C, Korthuis R J.
Ischemic preconditioning attenuates postischemic leukocyte adhesion and emigration.
Am J Physiol.
1996;
271
2052-2059
3
Anderson G L, Acland R D, Siemionow M, McCabe S J.
Vascular isolation of the rat cremaster.
Microvasc Res.
1988;
236
56-63
4
Arai K, Hotokebuchi T, Miyahara H, Arita C, Mohtai M, Sugioka Y, Kaibara N.
Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK506.
Transplantation.
1989;
48
782-786
5
Baez S.
An open cremaster muscle preparation for the study of blood vessels by in vivo microscopy.
Microvasc Res.
1973;
5
384-394
6
Barker J H, Anderson G L, Gu J-M, Willie F, Acland R D.
Experimental study of the relationship between alterations in tissue perfusion and
anastomotic patency.
Microsurg.
1993;
14
409-415
7
Breidahl A F, Hickey M J, Stewart A G, Hayward P G, Morrison W A.
The role of cellular adhesion molecules in surgery.
Aust N Z J Surg.
1995;
65
838-847
8
Gonzales A P, Sepulveda S, Massberg S, Baumeister R, Menger M D.
In vivo fluorescence microscopy for the assessment of microvascular reperfusion injury
in small bowel transplants in rats.
Transplantation.
1994;
58
403-408
9
Gudemez E, Turegun M, Porvasnik S, Carnevale K, Zins J, Siemionow M.
Determination of hindlimb transplantation-induced vascular leakage and leukocyte activation
during the acute phase of rejection.
J Reconstr Microsurg.
1999 a;
15
133-141
10
Gudemez E, Turegun M, Carnevale K, Zins J, Siemionow M.
Effect of anti-ICAM-1 antibodies on macromolecular leakage and leukocyte activation:
A study of hindlimb allografts in the rat.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1999 b;
104
161-170
11
Gudemez E, Turegun M, Zins J, Siemionow M.
Microvascular permeability following composite tissue transplantation.
Ann Plast Surg.
1998;
41
519-529
12
Heeman U W, Tullius S G, Kupiec-Weglinsky J, Tilney N L.
Early events in acute allograft rejection: leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions.
Clin Transplantation.
1993;
7
82-89
13
Heeman U W, Tullius S G, Azuma H.
Adhesion molecules and transplantation.
Ann Surg.
1994;
219
4-12
14
Krapohl B D, Mailänder P, Siemionow M, Giunta R, Zins J E.
Arterial crush injury causes decrease in tissue perfusion at the level of the microcirculation
in skeletal muscle flaps.
Microsurg.
1999 a;
19
364-368
15
Krapohl B D, Mailänder P, Siemionow M, Zins J E.
Failure in developing a model for complete vascular thrombosis in the common iliac
artery in the rat.
Microsurg.
1999 b;
19
401-403
16
Krapohl B D, Siemionow M, Piza P, Pieramici S F, Zins J E.
Thrombogenic stimulus causes long-term decrease of muscle flap perfusion.
Ann Plast Surg.
1999 c;
42
299-305
17
Krapohl B D, Siemionow M, Zins J E.
Effect of tissue-plasminogen activator on leukocyte-endothelial interactions at the
microcirculatory level.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1998;
102
2388-2394
18
Lee W PA, Yaremchuk M J, Pan Y-C, Randolph M A, Tan C M, Weiland A J.
Relative antigenicity of components of a vascularized limb allograft.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1991;
87
401-411
19
Ozer K, Adanali G, Zins J, Siemionow M.
In vivo microscopic assessment of cremasteric microcirculation during hindlimb allograft
rejection in rats.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1999;
103
1949-1956
20
Peter F W, Franken R JPM, Wang W Z, Anderson G L, Schuschke D A, O'Shaughnessy M M,
Banis J C, Steinau H U, Barker J H.
Effect of low dose aspirin on thrombus formation at arterial and venous microanastomoses
and on the tissue microcirculation.
Plast Reconstr Surg.
1997;
99
1112-1121
21
Post S, Rentsch M, Gonzales A P, Palma P, Otto G, Menger M D.
Effects of carolina rinse and adenosine rinse on microvascular perfusion and intrahepatic
leukocyte-endothelium interaction after liver transplantation in the rat.
Transplantation.
1993;
55
972-977
22
Siemionow M, Demirkan F, Rockwell W B, Lister G D.
Anti-ICAM-1 antibodies protect allografts against microvascular and parenchymal cell
damage.
J Hand Surg [Am].
1997;
22
922-930
23
Smith C W.
Endothelial adhesion molecules and their role in inflammation.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol.
1993;
71
76-87
24
Smith J K, Garden D L, Korthuis R J.
Role of xanthine oxidase in postischemic microvascular injury in skeletal muscle.
Am J Physiol.
1989;
257
1782-1789
25
Taylor J E, Scott N, Hill A, Bridges A, Henderson I S, Stewart W K, Belch J JF.
Oxygen free radicals and platelet and granulocyte aggregability in renal transplant
patients.
Transplantation.
1993;
55
500-504
1 Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Ulrich Lanz zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche
Arbeit wurde von der Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft
für Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) und der Albert-J. B.-Sturm-Stiftung
für Handchirurgische Forschung finanziell unterstützt.
Dr. med. Björn Dirk Krapohl
Plastische und Handchirurgie, Zentrum für Schwerbrandverletzte Medizinische Universität Lübeck
Ratzeburger Allee 160
23538 Lübeck
Email: snownessi@bigfoot.com