Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy-State of the Art

ABSTRACT

This article offers an overview of the treatment of large renal stones with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. It includes a description of the pathogenesis of renal stones, a discussion of the various treatment options, and a description of the technique of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Stones - nephrostomy - extracorporeal lithotripsy

REFERENCES

• 1 Stoller M L, Bolton D M. Urinary stone disease. In: Tanagho EA, McAninch JW, eds. Smith's General Urology, 14th ed Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall 1995: 276-304
• 2 Clayman R V, McDougall E M, Nakada S Y. Endourology of the upper urinary tract: percutaneous renal and ureteral procedures. In: Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED, et al., eds. Campbell's Urology, 7th ed Philadelphia: WB Saunders 1998: 2789-2874
• 3 LeRoy A J, Williams Jr J H, Bender C E. Colon perforation following percutaneous nephrostomy and renal calculus removal.  Radiology . 1985;  155 83-85
• 4 Vallancien G, Capdeville R, Viellon B. Colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrostomy.  J Urol . 1985;  134 1185-1187
• 5 Appel R, Musmanno M C, Knight J G. NephroIocolic fistula complicating percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.  J Urol . 1988;  140 1007-1008