Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2000; 125(48): 1471-1474
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8662
Aktuelle Diagnostik & Therapie
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Klinik und Diagnostik der Hepatitis C

L. Leifeld, U. Spengler, T. Sauerbruch
  • Medizinische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik I - Allgemeine Innere Medizin (Direktor: Prof. Dr. T. Sauerbruch), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Bei der Hepatitis C handelt es sich um eine weltweit verbreitete Infektion, die in einer Leberzirrhose oder in der Entwicklung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms münden kann. Die Klinik ist häufig uncharakteristisch oder asymptomatisch, so dass die Diagnose in der Regel nur mittels serologischer Testverfahren gestellt werden kann. Als Suchtest ist hierbei der ELISA die Methode der Wahl, der von der Polymerase Kettenreaktion (PCR) zur Bestätigung ergänzt wird.

Literatur

  • 1 WHO .The world health report 1998. Life in the 21 st century - A vision for all. 1998.
  • 2 Kuhnl P, Seidl S, Stangel W. et al . Antibody to hepatitis C virus in German blood donors.   Lancet. 1989;  2 324
  • 3 Heintges T, Mohr L, Niederau C. Epidemiology and clinical features of chronic viral hepatitis.  Dtsch Med Wschr. 1994;  119 1365-1370
  • 4 Heintges T, Wands J R. Hepatitis C virus: Epidemiology and transmission.   Hepatology. 1997;  26 521-526
  • 5 Dienstag J L. Sexual and perinatal transmission of hepatitis C.   Hepatology. 1997;  26 66s-70s
  • 6 Soto B, Rodrigo L, Garcia-Bengoechea M. et al . Heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus and the possible role of coexistent human immunodeficiency virus infection in the index case. A multicentre study of 423 pairings.   J Intern Med. 1994;  236 515-519
  • 7 Gordon S C, Patel A H, Kulesza G W. et al . Lack of evidence for the heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C.   Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;  87 1849-1851
  • 8 Wyld R, Robertson J R, Brettle R P. et al . Absence of hepatitis C virus transmission but frequent transmission of HIV-1 from sexual contact with doubly-infected individuals.   J Infect. 1997;  35 163-166
  • 9 Bresters D, Mauser-Bunschoten E P, Reesink H W. et al . Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus.   Lancet. 1993;  342 210-211
  • 10 Conry-Cantilena C, VanRaden M, Gibble J. et al . Routes of infection, viremia, and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection.   N Engl J Med. 1996;  334 1691-1696
  • 11 Ohto H, Terazawa S, Sasaki N. et al . Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. The Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Collaborative Study Group.   N Engl J Med. 1994;  330 744-750
  • 12 Zanetti A R, Tanzi E, Romano L. et al . Multicenter trial on mother-to-infant transmission of GBV-C virus. The Lombardy Study Group on Vertical/Perinatal Hepatitis Viruses Transmission.  J Med Virol. 1998;  54 107-112
  • 13 Granovsky M O, Minkoff H L, Tess B H. et al . Hepatitis C virus infection in the mothers and infants cohort study.   Pediatrics. 1998;  102 355-359
  • 14 Health NIo . National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel statement: Management of hepatitis C.   Hepatology. 1997;  26 2s-10s
  • 15 EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis C . Paris, 26-28, February 1999, Consensus Statement. European Association for the Study of the Liver.  J Hepatol. 1999;  30 956-961
  • 16 Puro V, Petrosillo N, Ippolito G. Risk of hepatitis C seroconversion after occupational exposures in health care workers. Italian Study Group on Occupational Risk of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infections.   Am J Infect Control. 1995;  23 273-277
  • 17 Hasan F, Askar H, Al Khalidi J, Al Shamali M, Al Kalaoui M, Al Nakib B. Lack of transmission of hepatitis C virus following needlestick accidents.   Hepatogastroenterology. 1999;  46 1678-1681
  • 18 Hamid S S, Farooqui B, Rizvi Q. et al . Risk of transmission and features of hepatitis C after needlestick injuries.   Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;  20 63-64
  • 19 Mizuno Y, Suzuki K, Mori M. et al . Study of needlestick accidents and hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers by molecular evolutionary analysis.   J Hosp Infect. 1997;  35 149-154
  • 20 Mitsui T, Iwano K, Masuko K. et al . Hepatitis C virus infection in medical personnel after needlestick accident.  Hepatology. 1992;  16 1109-1114
  • 21 Arai Y, Noda K, Enomoto N. et al . A prospective study of hepatitis C virus infection after needlestick accidents.   Liver. 1996;  16 331-334
  • 22 Pawlotsky J M, Ben Yahia M, Andre  C. et al . Immunological disorders in C virus chronic active hepatitis: A prospective case-control study.   Hepatology. 1994;  19 841-848
  • 23 Agnello V, Chung R T, Kaplan L M. A role for hepatitis C virus infection in type II cryoglobulinemia.   N Engl J Med. 1992;  327 1490-1495
  • 24 Lamprecht P, Schnabel A, Gross W L. Hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Physiopathology, diagnosis and therapy.   Dtsch Med Wschr. 1998;  123 637-642
  • 25 Ferri C, Caracciolo F, Zignego A L. et al . Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin"s lymphoma.   Br J Haematol. 1994;  88 392-394
  • 26 Mazzaro C, Zagonel V, Monfardini S. et al . Hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin"s lymphomas.   Br J Haematol. 1996;  94 544-550
  • 27 Neumann A U, Lam N P, Dahari H. et al . Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy.   Science. 1998;  282 103-107
  • 28 Tsai S L, Chen Y M, Chen M H. et al . Hepatitis C virus variants circumventing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity as a mechanism of chronicity.   Gastroenterology. 1998;  115 954-965
  • 29 Rehermann B, Chang K M, McHutchinson J. et al . Differential cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responsiveness to the hepatitis B and C viruses in chronically infected patients.  J Virol. 1996;  70 7092-7102
  • 30 Lechmann M, Ihlenfeldt H G, Braunschweiger I. et al . T- and B-cell responses to different hepatitis C virus antigens in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and in healthy anti-hepatitis C virus - positive blood donors without viremia.   Hepatology. 1996;  24 790-795
  • 31 Botarelli P, Brunetto M R, Minutello M A. et al . T-lymphocyte response to hepatitis C virus in different clinical courses of infection.  Gastroenterology. 1993;  104 580-587
  • 32 Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P. Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The OBSVIRC, METAVIR, CLINIVIR, and DOSVIRC groups.   Lancet. 1997;  349 825-832
  • 33 Kenny-Walsh E. Clinical outcomes after hepatitis C infection from contaminated anti-D immune globulin. Irish Hepatology Research Group.   N Engl J Med. 1999;  340 1228-1233
  • 34 Serfaty L, Aumaitre H, Chazouilleres O. et al . Determinants of outcome of compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis.   Hepatology. 1998;  27 1435-1440
  • 35 Tong M J, el Farra N S, Reikes A R, Co R L. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C.   N Engl J Med. 1995;  332 1463-1466
  • 36 El-Serag H B, Mason A C. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.   N Engl J Med. 1999;  340 745-750
  • 37 Shakil A O, Conry-Cantilena C, Alter H J. et al . Volunteer blood donors with antibody to hepatitis C virus: Clinical, biochemical, virologic, and histologic features. The Hepatitis C Study Group.   Ann Intern Med. 1995;  123 330-337
  • 38 Naito M, Hayashi N, Hagiwara H. et al . Serum hepatitis C virus RNA quantity and histological features of hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal ALT levels.   Hepatology. 1994;  19 871-875
  • 39 Alberti A, Morsica G, Chemello L. et al . Hepatitis C viraemia and liver disease in symptom-free individuals with anti-HCV.   Lancet. 1992;  340 697-698
  • 40 Sangiovanni A, Morales R, Spinzi G. et al . Interferon alfa treatment of HCV RNA carriers with persistently normal transaminase levels: A pilot randomized controlled study.  Hepatology. . 1998;  27 853-856
  • 41 Pawlotsky J M, Lonjon I, Hezode C. et al . What strategy should be used for diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in clinical laboratories?.  Hepatology. 1998;  27 1700-1702
  • 42 Roggendorf M, Lu M, Meisel H, Riffelmann M, Schreier E, Viazov S. Rational use of diagnostic tools in hepatitis C.   J Hepatol. 1996;  24 26-34
  • 43 Long G S, Bacon B R, Bisceglie A M. Interpreting serologic tests for hepatitis C virus infection: Balancing cost and clarity.  Cleve Clin J Med. 1996;  63 264268
  • 44 Damen M, Cuypers H T, Zaaijer H L. et al . International collaborative study on the second EUROHEP HCV-RNA reference panel.   J Virol Methods. 1996;  58 175-185
  • 45 Lok A S, Gunaratnam N T. Diagnosis of hepatitis C.  Hepatology. 1997;  26 48S-56S
  • 46 Roth W K, Lee J H, Ruster B, Zeuzem S. Comparison of two quantitative hepatitis C virus reverse transcriptase PCR assays.   J Clin Microbiol. 1996;  34 261-264
  • 47 Pawlotsky J M, Martinot-Peignoux M, Poveda J D. et al . Quantification of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum by branched DNA-based signal amplification assays.   J Virol Methods. 1999;  79 227-235
  • 48 Takeuchi T, Katsume A, Tanaka T. et al . Real-time detection system for quantification of hepatitis C virus genome.   Gastroenterology. 1999;  116 636-642
  • 49 Kawai S, Yokosuka O, Kanda T, Imazeki F, Maru Y, Saisho H. Quantification of hepatitis C virus by TaqMan PCR: Comparison with HCV Amplicor Monitor assay.   J Med Virol. 1999;  58 121-126
  • 50 Huber K R, Sebesta C, Bauer K. Detection of common hepatitis C virus subtypes with a third-generation enzyme immunoassay.   Hepatology. 1996;  24 471-473
  • 51 Fischer H P, Willsch E, Bierhoff E, Pfeifer U. Histopathologic findings in chronic hepatitis C.   J Hepatol. 1996;  24 35-42
  • 52 Bukh J, Miller R H, Purcell R H. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: Quasispecies and genotypes.   Semin Liver Dis. 1995;  15 41-63
  • 53 Simmonds P, Alberti A, Alter H J. et al . A proposed system for the nomenclature of hepatitis C viral genotypes.   Hepatology. 1994;  19 1321-1324

Korrespondenz

Dr. med. Ludger Leifeld

Medizinische Universitäts-Klinik und Poliklinik I

Allgemeine Innere Medizin

Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn

Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25

53105 Bonn

Phone: 0228/287-5383

Fax: 0228/287-4323

Email: l.leifeld@uni-bonn.de