Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8820
Beschreibung der Differenzial Display Methode anhand unterschiedlich exprimierter Gene in humanen Brustkrebszellen
Identification of a Novel Gene in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines with the Differential Display MethodPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Die Differenzial Display Methode (DD) ist ein neues Screening-Verfahren für unterschiedlich exprimierte Gene auf RNA-Ebene. Wir beschreiben anhand eines neu identifizierten Gens sowie zweier bereits bekannter Gene die Bedeutung der Differenzial Display für die klinisch orientierte onkologische Grundlagenforschung. Methoden/Ergebnisse: Die Differenzial Display Methode basiert auf einem direkten Vergleich der Messenger-RNAs unterschiedlicher Zellpopulationen. Das methodische Grundprinzip der DD ist eine reverse Transkription der mRNA wobei sogenannte Anker-Primer zur Anwendung kommen. Anschließend folgt eine Gen-Amplifikation durch PCR wobei eine Kombination derselben Anker-Primer mit sogenannten Arbitrary-Primern verwendet werden. Neben PCR und reverser Transkription beinhaltet die Differenzial Display Methode grundlegende molekularbiologische Methoden wie RNA-Extraktion (aus klinischem Gewebe oder Zellkulturen), Northern Blot Analysen und Sequenzierungsverfahren. Mittels DD wurden acht unterschiedliche humane Krebszelllinien verglichen (Brust-, Magen-, Kolon-, Lungen-, Uterus- und Mundhöhlenkarzinome, Melanom, Neuroepitheliom). Dabei konnte mit Hilfe eines 18 Basen langen Arbitrary-Primers und eines 21 Basen langen Anker-Primers ein überexprimierter cDNA-Klon innerhalb der MCF 7 Brustkrebszelllinien identifiziert werden. Die anschließenden Subklonierungs- und Sequenzierungsanalysen sowie ein Vergleich mit der Gendatenbank identifizierte eine neue cDNA-Gensequenz von 380 Basenpaaren. Unter Verwendung des cDNA-Klones als radioaktiv markierte Sonde konnte das Ergebnis der DD in Northern-Blot-Analysen in Form einer mRNA-Überexpression in MCF 7 Brustkrebszellen bestätigt werden. Weitere Northern Blots zeigten eine verbreitete Expression des neuen Gens in Brustkrebszellen bei fehlender Expression in mehreren anderen Tumorzelllinien. Die Re-Amplifikation zweier ebenfalls unterschiedlich exprimierter cDNAs identifizierte zwei bereits bekannte Gene. Der eine cDNA-Klon kodiert für das Östrogenrezeptorprotein (ER), der andere Klon zeigte Übereinstimmung mit den kalziumbindenden Proteinen. Schlussfolgerung: Die DD ist eine geeignete Methode sowohl zur Identifikation neuer Gene als auch zum Vergleich unterschiedlich exprimierter Gene in verschiedenen Zellpopulationen. Wir beschreiben anhand der DD-Methode die Identifikation eines neuen, „brustkrebsassoziierten” Genes sowie zweier bereits bekannter jedoch unterschiedlich exprimierter Gene im Vergleich verschiedener humaner Tumorzelllinien.
Abstract
Objective: The differential display method is a new tool to screen for differentially expressed genes at the RNA level. The technique compares the expression of messenger RNAs by different cell populations. It involves reverse transcription of mRNA using an anchored primer design to bind to the poly-A-tail, followed by PCR amplification with an additional upstream arbitrary primer and visualization of the cDNA subpopulation with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We describe the role of the differential display method in identifying a novel gene in human MCF 7 breast cancer cell lines and two previously established but differentially expressed genes.Methods: Gene expression was studied with the differential display method in eight human tumor cell lines (carcinomas of the breast, stomach, colon, lung, uterus, oral cavity and melanoma and neuroepithelioma).Results: Using an 18 bp arbitrary primer with a 21 bp anchored primer we identified a cDNA clone that was overexpressed in MCF 7 breast cancer cell lines. Cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA clone and comparison with the Genbank/EMBL database identified a novel cDNA sequence of 380 base pairs. Using the cDNA fragment as a probe, Northern analysis was used to verify the differential display results and indicated an approximately 1.5 kb mRNA fragment that was overexpressed in MCF 7 cells. Reamplification of two additionally expressed cDNAs identified known genes, one encoding for the estrogen-receptor protein and the other for a calcium-binding protein. Conclusion: The differential display method is a useful technique to identify new genes and to compare the expression of genes in different cell populations.
Literatur
- 1 Anisowicz A, Sotiropoulou G, Stenman G, Mok S C, Sager R. A novel protease homolog differentially expressed in breast and ovarian cancer. Mol Med. 1996; 5 624-636
- 2 Barraclough R, Rudland P S. The S-100-related calcium-binding protein, p9Ka, and metastasis in rodent and human mammary cells. Eur J Cancer. 1994; 30 1570-1576
- 3 Carey I, Noti J D. Isolation of protein kinase C-alpha regulated cDNAs associated with breast tumor aggressiveness by differential mRNA display. Int J Oncol. 1999; 14 951-956
- 4 Cowan B D, Hines R S, Brackin M N, Case S T. Temporal and cell-specific gene expression by human endometrium after coculture with trophoblast. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 180 806-814
- 5 Duan Z, Feller A J, Toh H C, Makastorsis T, Seiden M V. TRAG-3, a novel gene, isolated from a taxol-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell line. Gene. 1999; 229 75-81
- 6 Ferguson A T, Lapidus R G, Davidson N E. The regulation of estrogen receptor expression and function in human breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res. 1998; 94 225
- 7 Fournier M V, Carvalho M G, Pardee A B. A strategy to identify genes associated with circulating solid tumor cell survival in peripheral blood. Mol Med. 1999; 5 313-319
- 8 George K S, Zhao X, Gallahan D, Shirkey A, Zareh A, Esmaeli-Azad B. Capillary electrophoresis methodology for identification of cancer related gene expression patterns of fluorescent differential display polymerase chain reaction. J Chrom B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997; 695 93-102
- 9 Huch G, Hohn H P, Denker H W. Identification of differentially expressed genes in human trophoblast cells by differential-display RT-PCR. Placenta. 1998; 19 557-567
- 10 Husain A, He G, Venkatraman E S, Spriggs D R. BRCA1 up-regulation is associated with repair-mediated resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). Can Res. 1998; 15 1120-1123
- 11 Kirschmann D A, Seftor E A, Nieva D R, Mariano E A, Hendrix M J. Differential expressed genes associated with the metastatic phenotype in breast cancer. Br Can Res Treat. 1999; 55 127-136
- 12 Klotz D M, Castles C G, Fuqua S A, Spriggs L L, Hill S M. Differential expression of wild-type and variant ER mRNAs by stocks of MCF 7 breast cancer cells may account for differences in estrogen responsiveness. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995; 210 609-615
- 13 Kusuhara M, Kimura K, Maass N, Manabe T, Yamaguchi K, Nagasaki K. Cloning of Hexamethylene inducible transcript, HIS1, in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomed Res. accepted 10/1999;
- 14 Lambudova O, Schuller E, Yeghiazarjan K, Kitzmueller E, Hoeger H, Lubec B. Genes involved in the pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxia. Life Sci. 1999; 64 1831-1838
- 15 Lau L, Nathans D. Identifications of a set of genes expressed. EMBO. 1985; 4 3145
- 16 Liang P, Averboukh L, Pardee A B. Distribution and cloning of eukaryotic mRNAs by means of differential display: refinements and optimization. Nucleic Acid Res. 1993; 21 3269-3275
- 17 Liang P, Averboukh L, Keyomarsi R, Sager R, Pardee A B. Differential display and cloning of mRNAs from human breast cancer versus mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 1992; 52 6966-6968
- 18 Liang P, Pardee A B. Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science. 1992; 257 967-971
- 19 Liang P, Zhu W, Zhang X, Guo Z, O'Connel R P, Averboukh L, Wang F, Pardee A B. Differential display using one-base anchored oligo-dT primers. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22 5763-5764
- 20 Liang P, Pardee A B. Differential Display. A general protocol. Mole Biotechn. 1998; 261-267
- 21 Lee I J, Soh Y, Song B J. Molecular characterization of fetal alcohol syndrom using mRNA differential display. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997; 240 309-313
- 22 Lee S W, Tomasetto C, Sager R. Positive selection of candidate tumorsuppressor genes by subtractive hybridization. PNAC. 1991; 88 2825-2829
- 23 Mou L, Miller H, Li J, Wang E, Chalifour L. Improvements of the Differential Display method for Gene Analysis. Bioch and Bioph Res Com. 1994; 199, 2 564
- 24 Murphy L C, Dotzlav H, Watson P. The pathophysiological role of estrogen receptor variants in human breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1998; 65 175-180
- 25 Nagasaki K, Manabe T, Hanzawa H, Maass N, Yamaguchi K. Identification of a novel gene, LDOC1, down regulated in cancer cell lines. Canc Let. 1999; 140 227-234
- 26 Nagasaki K, Maass N, Yamaguchi K. Improvement of differential display method (DD). In Preparation. ;
- 27 Nagasaki K, Maass N, Manabe T, Hanzawa H, Tsukada T, Kikuchi K, Yamaguchi K. Identification of a novel gene, DAM1, amplified at chromosome 1p13.3-21 region in human breast cancer cell lines. Can Let. 1999; 140 219-226
- 28 Pak B J, Park H, Chang E R, Pang S C, Graham C H. Differential Display analysis of oxygen-mediated changes in gene expression in first trimester human trophoblast cells. Placenta. 1998; 19 483-488
- 29 Prashar Y, Weissman S M. Analysis of differential gene expression by display of 3′ end restriction fragments of cDNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996; 23 659-663
- 30 Ree A H, Tvermyr M, Engebraaten O, Bruland O S, Fodstad O. Expression of a novel factor in human breast cancer cells with metastatic potential. Can Res. 1999; 59 4675-4680
- 31 Rochefort H, Platet N, Lucas A, Garcia M. Estrogen receptor mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion and motility: an overview. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1998; 65 163-168
- 32 Russo J, Yang X, Hu Y F, Russo I H. Biological and molecular basis of human breast cancer. Front Biosci. 1998; 1; 3 944-960
- 33 Sager R, Anisowicz A, Neveu M, Liang P, Sotiropulou. Identification by differential display of alpha 6 integrin as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. FASEB J. 1993; 7 964-970
- 34 Strobl J S, Wonderlin W F, Flym D C. Mitogenic signal transduction in human breast cancer cells. Gen Pharmacol. 1995; 26 1643-1649
- 35 Swisshelm K, Machl A, Kubbies M, Hosier S. SEMP1, a senescence-associated cDNA isolated from human mammary epithelial cells, is a member of an epithelial membran protein superfamily. Gene. 1999; 226 285-295
- 36 Valeron P F, Chirino R, Torres S, Navarro D, Diaz-Chico B N. Validation of a differential PCR and an ELISA procedure in studying HER-2/neu status in breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 1996; 65 129-133
- 37 Yu Y, Xu F, Peng H, Gray J W, Mills G B, Bast R C. NOEY2 (ARHI), an imprinted putative tumor suppressor gene in ovarian and breast carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1999; 96 214-219
- 38 Zimmermann J W, Schultz R M. Analysis of gene expression in the preimplantation mouse embryo: use of mRNA differential display. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1994; 91 5456-5460
Dr. med. Nicolai Maass
Abt. für Gynäkologie und GeburtshilfeChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Michaelisstraße 16
24105 Kiel
Email: nmaass@uni-kiel.de