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DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9225
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Niedrigdosierte Thrombolyse mit rt-PA bei langstreckigen peripheren arteriellen Verschlüssen
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)
Zusammenfassung.
Ziel: Überprüfung des Therapieerfolges der intraarteriellen Thrombolyse mit rt-PA zur Eröffnung akuter und subakuter langstreckiger peripherer Gefäßverschlüsse. Material und Methode: Insgesamt wurden 100 Patienten mit Zweietagenverschlüssen der peripheren Arterien durch Katheter-Thrombolyse mit 20 mg rt-PA über 20 - 24 Std. behandelt. In allen Fällen handelte es sich um langstreckige Verschlüsse von mehr als 20 cm. Bei 80 Patienten lagen Verschlüsse der Nativgefäße durch arterielle Thrombosen (69/80) oder Thrombembolien (11/80), in 20 Fällen verschlossene femoropopliteale Bypässe vor. Über den tief in den Thrombus eingebrachten Lysekatheter wurde rt-PA und Heparin injiziert. Die Heparindosis wurde durch laufende PTT-Kontrollen angepasst. Eine Kontrollangiographie erfolgte nach Infusion von 10 mg rt-PA. Nach erfolgreicher Thrombolyse wurde bei Bedarf eine PTA oder eine Aspirationsthrombektomie durchgeführt. Als Erfolg wurde eine Eröffnung der Oberschenkelgefäße und eines Unterschenkelgefäßes mit Perfusion des Fußes gewertet. Ergebnisse: Durch Thrombolyse, PTA oder Aspirationsthromb-ektomie gelang in 68/80 (85 %) Fällen eine ausreichende Rekanalisation von Nativgefäßen. In 11/20 (65 %) Fällen gelang durch Lyse und PTA die vollständige Eröffnung eines femoropoplitealen Bypasses, in 6 Fällen verblieben Reststenosen. Von den übrigen 15 Patienten, davon drei Bypasspatienten mit kritischer Ischämie, wurde durch Rekanalisation von Unterschenkelgefäßen in 13 Fällen eine Amputation vermieden. Lokale Blutungskomplikationen, die chirurgische Eingriffe erforderten, traten bei drei Patienten auf. Nach zunächst erfolgreicher Thrombolyse trat ein Reverschluss innerhalb eines Jahres bei 15 Patienten auf, aber nur in 5 Fällen war eine Amputation erforderlich. Schlussfolgerung: Langstreckige Verschlüsse der peripheren Arterien lassen sich durch niedrig dosierte rt-PA-Thrombolyse risikoarm erfolgreich eröffnen. Gefäßstenosen machen eine zusätzliche PTA erforderlich. Auch eine Teilrekanalisation kann eine Amputation verhindern.
Low-dose Thrombolysis by rt-PA in Extensive Peripheral Vascular Occlusion.
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intraarterial thrombolysis by rt-PA in acute and subacute extensive peripheral vascular occlusion. Material and Methods: 100 patients with acute and subacute occlusion of peripheral arteries were treated by catheter thrombolysis using 20 mg of rt-PA over a period of 20 - 24 hours. In all cases the occlusion extended to more than 20 cm and two stages of the extremity were involved. In 80 patients the original vessels (69/80 by thrombosis, 11/80 by embolization) and in 20 cases the femoro-popliteal bypass vessel was occluded. A catheter was inserted into the thrombus into which rt-PA and heparin were separately infused by two injectors. Heparin was given in a dose of 800 - 1000 U/h depending on the continuously monitored PTT levels. A control angiography was performed after 10 mg of rt-PA. After successful thrombolysis either PTA or aspiration thrombectomy was performed, if necessary, to reestablish a nearly normal vascular lumen. Open arteries of the thigh and at least one main vessel of lower leg was considered as success. Results: Recanalization of the original vessels was successfully by thrombolysis, PTA or aspiration thrombectomy in 68/80 [85 %] cases. Thrombolysis and PTA reestablished a normal lumen of the bypass vessel in 11/20 [65 %] and in 6 more cases a recanalization with minor stenosis. In 13/15 patients with critical ischemia, thrombolysis probably helped to avoid amputation by reopening smaller collateral arteries. Bleeding at the puncture site, as a complication of thrombolysis, was the reason for stopping therapy in three cases. There was no retroperitoneal or cerebral bleeding. After successful thrombolysis, reocclusion occurred in 15 patients within one year, only in five cases amputation was necessary. Conclusion: Extensive occlusion of peripheral arteries or of a femoro-cural bypass can be successfully treated by low dose rt-PA thrombolysis with a low complication rate. Even partial reopening may prevent amputation.
Schlüsselwörter:
Thrombolyse - rt-PA - Arterielle Thrombose - Zweietagenverschluss - Periphere Arterien
Key words:
Thrombolysis - rt-PA - Extensive vascular occlusion (two stage) - Peripheral arteries
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